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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (20): 65-72.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0603

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施肥量对仙草产量和土壤微生物多样性的影响

黄媛1(), 朱艳霞2, 韦范2, 林杨2, 汤丹峰2()   

  1. 1 广西壮族自治区药用植物园，国家中医药传承创新中心，广西道地药材高品质形成与应用重点实验室/广西中药材良种繁育技术创新中心，南宁 530023
    2 广西壮族自治区药用植物园，国家中医药传承创新中心，广西药用资源保护与遗传改良重点实验室/广西壮族自治区中药资源智慧创制工程研究中心，南宁 530023
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2024-04-22 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-07-11
  • 通讯作者:
    汤丹峰，男，1986年出生，湖北孝感人，副研究员，博士后，研究方向：药用植物栽培学与分子生物学。通信地址：530023 广西壮族自治区南宁市兴宁区长堽路189号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    黄媛，女，1987年出生，湖北孝感人，助理研究员，博士，研究方向：中药资源生态学。通信地址：530023 广西壮族自治区南宁市兴宁区长堽路189号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“仙草半乳糖醛酸合成关键酶GAE的筛选及功能研究”(82260750); 广西壮族自治区中医药管理局自筹经费科研课题“广西莪术连作对根际土壤性质的影响”(GXZYA20220003); 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“基于多组学的凉粉草多糖生物合成通路解析及关键基因的功能研究”(桂科ZY22096020); 广西中医药适宜技术开发与推广项目“基于多组学的凉粉草多糖生物合成通路解析及关键基因的功能研究”(GZSY23-07)

Effects of Different Fertilization Rates on Yield of Mesona chinensis Benth and Soil Bacterial Diversity

HUANG Yuan1(), ZHU Yanxia2, WEI Fan2, LIN Yang2, TANG Danfeng2()   

  1. 1 Guangxi Key Laboratory for High-quality Formation and Utilization of Authentic Herbs/ National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation/ Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Breeding Technology Innovation Center/ Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023
    2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation/ National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation/ Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023
  • Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2024-04-22 Published:2024-07-15 Online:2024-07-11

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摘要：

本研究以仙草为对象，探讨了不同施肥量对其产量及根际土壤微生物多样性的影响。通过大田栽培试验，设置多个氮磷钾复合肥施肥量处理，测定仙草产量，采用Pacbio三代测序平台构建采收期仙草根际土壤细菌16S rRNA基因文库，对其进行高通量测序和生物信息学分析。结果表明：仙草产量随施肥量的增加呈先增后降的趋势；土壤微生物多样性随施肥量的增加呈先降后增的趋势；与对照相比，300、450、600 kg/hm2复合肥处理的土壤中在门水平上优势种群及其含量变化较少，在目水平上拟杆菌目和黄单胞菌目的相对丰度均有所增加，在属水平上未分类酸杆菌属显著降低，在种水平上表皮葡萄球菌丰度显著降低；NMDS分析显示，不施肥和施300 kg/hm2复合肥土壤细菌多样性显著不同于其他处理，施450~600 kg/hm2复合肥细菌群落多样性差异不显著。施用300~450 kg/hm2化肥可显著提高仙草产量，显著降低土壤细菌微生物多样性，类杆菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌目的富集受施肥影响较大。综合考量，300 kg/hm2为仙草最佳施肥量。

关键词: 仙草, 氮磷钾复合肥, 根际土壤, 细菌多样性, 产量, 土壤微生物多样性

Abstract:

The effects of different fertilization rates on Mesona chinensis Benth yield and soil bacterial diversity were studied. Field cultivation experiment was conducted. Four treatments with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers were set up. Weighing method was used to measure the yield of different treatments, Pacbio sequencing platform was used to construct bacterial 16S rRNA gene library in rhizosphere soil of Mesona chinensis Benth, and high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted. The results showed that the yield of Mesona chinensis Benth increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilization amount. The diversity of bacteria species in rhizosphere soil decreased first and then increased with the increase of fertilization amount. Compared with the control, the dominant population and its content in the soil treated with 300, 450 and 600 kg/hm2 compound fertilizer at the phylum level changed less, at the order level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidales and Xanthomonadales increased, at the genus level, the number of unclassified Acidobacteriales decreased significantly, and at the species level, the abundance of Staphylococcus epidermidis decreased significantly. The NMDS analysis showed that the soil bacterial diversity of non fertilization and fertilization amount of 300 kg/hm2 was different from other treatments, and there was no significant difference between the soil bacterial community diversity of 450 and 600 kg/hm2. The application of 300~450 kg/hm2 compound fertilizer could significantly increase the Mesona chinensis Benth yield and significantly reduce the diversity of soil bacterial diversity. The enrichment of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes and Bacteroidales were greatly affected by fertilization. When the amount of fertilizer was 300 kg/hm2, it was significantly increased. Based on comprehensive consideration, 300 kg/hm2 was the best amount of fertilizer for planting Mesona chinensis Benth.

Key words: Mesona chinensis Benth, NPK compound fertilizer, rhizosphere soil, bacterial diversity, yield, soil microbial diversity