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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 19-25.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0455

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江中下游麦区小麦种质资源的产量和品质性状及其相关性分析

蔡金华()   

  1. 泰兴市张桥镇综合服务中心,江苏泰兴 225400
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10 修回日期:2024-10-15 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-24
  • 作者简介:

    蔡金华,男,1990年出生,江苏海门人,农艺师,硕士研究生,主要从事作物新品种推广与遗传育种工作。通信地址:225400 江苏省泰兴市张桥镇人民政府,Tel:0523-87576128,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省科技计划专项资金(重点研发计划现代农业)“小麦优质绿色高产协同新基因发掘与种质创新”(BE2022335)

Wheat Germplasm Resources in Wheat-growing Area of Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River: Yield and Quality Traits and Correlation Analysis

CAI Jinhua()   

  1. Zhangqiao Town Comprehensive Service Center, Taixing, Jiangsu 225400
  • Received:2024-07-10 Revised:2024-10-15 Published:2025-04-25 Online:2025-04-24

摘要: 为研究小麦种质资源的产量和品质性状的表现,以长江中下游麦区35份小麦种质资源为材料,人工调查株高、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量,利用Perten DA 7200型近红外分析仪测定小麦品质,并进行相关分析和通径分析。结果显示,35份小麦种质资源的产量变幅为5679.00~6331.50 kg/hm2,有效穗变幅为427.50万~502.50万/hm2,生育期变幅为195~202 d,株高变幅为73.00~93.00 cm,穗粒数变幅为32.60~40.00粒,千粒重变幅为37.00~47.10 g。从产量性状的相关性分析来看,有效穗、生育期、穗粒数、千粒重与籽粒产量呈正相关性(r=0.1707、r=0.0401、r=0.2277、r=0.0299),而株高则与籽粒产量呈负相关性(r =-0.0587)。进行通径分析可以看出,提高有效穗、穗粒数和千粒重均能提高籽粒产量,其中以增加穗粒数的作用最大(直接通径系数Py=0.8390),其次是千粒重(直接通径系数Py=0.6668),增加有效穗的作用最小(直接通径系数Py=0.4916)。综合比较,35份小麦种质资源的品质性状差异较大,这表明小麦具有丰富的多样性,可以为长江中下游麦区小麦新品种育种及后代选择提供较大空间。

关键词: 小麦, 种质资源, 产量, 品质, 性状, 相关性, 通径分析

Abstract:

To study the performance of yield and quality traits of wheat germplasm resources and their correlation and path analysis,35 wheat germplasm resources from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were used as materials in this study. The plant height, spike number, spikelet number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield were investigated manually, and the wheat quality was determined by Perten DA 7200 near-infrared analyzer. The results showed that the yield range of 35 wheat germplasm resources was 5679.00-6331.50 kg/hm2, the effective spike range was 427.50-502.50 million/hm2, the growth period range was 195.00-202.00 d, the plant height range was 73.00-93.00 cm, the spikelet number per spike range was 32.60-40.00, and the 1000-grain weight range was 37.00-47.10 g. The correlation analysis of yield traits showed that effective spike, growth period, spikelet number per spike and 1000-grain weight were positively correlated with grain yield (r=0.1707, r=0.0401, r=0.2277, r=0.0299), while plant height was negatively correlated with grain yield (r=-0.0587). Path analysis showed that grain yield increased while effective spike, spikelet number per spike and 1000-grain weight increased. The effect of increasing the number of grains per ear was the greatest (direct path coefficient Py=0.8390), followed by the effect of increasing the 1000-grain weight (direct path coefficient Py=0.6668), and the effect of increasing the number of effective ears was the smallest (direct path coefficient Py=0.4916). In general, the quality traits of 35 wheat germplasm resources were quite different, indicating that wheat has rich diversity, which provides a large selection space for wheat quality breeding and selection of offspring.

Key words: wheat, germplasm resources, yield, quality, character, relevance, path analysis