灌木扩张对三江平原湿地土壤微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0585

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 82-89.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0585

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

灌木扩张对三江平原湿地土壤微生物多样性的影响

王申正¹^,²(), 张荣涛¹(), 李琳³, 柴春荣¹()

¹ 黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所，哈尔滨 150040
² 黑龙江大学生命科学学院，哈尔滨 150080
³ 黑龙江省林业科学院生态研究所，哈尔滨 150081

收稿日期:2024-09-04 修回日期:2025-01-18 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-11
通讯作者:
张荣涛，男，1985年出生，黑龙江鸡西人，副研究员，博士，主要从事湿地生态学研究。通信地址：150040 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区哈平路103号，Tel：0451-86652003，E-mail：zhangrongtao14@163.com。
柴春荣，女，1985年出生，黑龙江哈尔滨人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：湿地生态学。通信地址：150040 黑龙江省哈尔滨市哈平路103号，Tel：0451-86664613；E-mail：chaicr2012@163.com。
作者简介:
王申正，男，2000年出生，山东菏泽人，硕士研究生在读，研究方向：湿地生态学。通信地址：150040 黑龙江省哈尔滨市哈平路103号，Tel：0451-86664613，E-mail：wangshenzheng2000@163.com。
基金资助:
黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目“湿地碳氮耦合对eCO₂响应及增汇关键技术”(CZKYF2021-2-A005); “雪被变化对湿地土壤有机碳空间分布格局的影响机制”(CZBZ2024ZR001); “三江平原湿地干湿季土壤微生物对eCO₂的差异性响应”(CZBZ2024ZR002)

Effects of Shrub Expansion on Soil Microbial Diversity in Wetlands of Sanjiang Plain

WANG Shenzheng¹^,²(), ZHANG Rongtao¹(), LI Lin³, CHAI Chunrong¹()

¹ Institute of Nature and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040
² College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
³ Institute of Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin 150081

Received:2024-09-04 Revised:2025-01-18 Published:2025-04-15 Online:2025-04-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灌木扩张会对植物生长和土壤理化性质产生影响，进而致使土壤微生物群的代谢途径发生改变。然而，就短期内不同灌木扩张强度与土壤微生物群落结构以及多样性之间的关系而言，人们还知之甚少。本研究运用PLFA技术，针对三江平原湿地在不同灌木扩张强度下土壤微生物群落结构的变化展开了研究。研究结果显示：在不同灌木扩张强度下，土壤微生物类群主要为革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、细菌、真菌、腐生真菌和丛枝菌根真菌。此外，所有PLFA生物标记物的累积浓度总和表现为CK（对照）>MI（轻度入侵）>HI（重度入侵）>SI（中度入侵）。灌木扩张改变了土壤微生物的丰度，不过对其相对丰度的影响并不显著。与对照（CK）相比，不同的灌木入侵强度对土壤微生物组成（β多样性）有着显著的影响，但对α多样性却无显著影响。在土壤理化性质方面，TN（总氮）、SOC（土壤有机碳）、TP（总磷）和AP（有效磷）是灌木扩张造成土壤微生物群落差异的主要驱动因素。本试验结论旨在为三江平原沼泽生态系统修复以及湿地综合系统（如生态系统结构的稳定性等方面）的科学管理提供支持。

关键词: PLFA, 灌木扩张, 土壤微生物, 三江平原

Abstract:

Shrub expansion affects plant growth and soil physicochemical properties, leading to changes in the metabolic pathway of the soil microbiota. However, little is known about the relationship between different intensities of shrub expansion and the soil microbial community structure and diversity in the short term. In this study, we investigated the changes in soil microbial community structure under varying intensities of shrub expansion in the wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) technology. The results showed that soil microbial taxa at different shrub expansion intensities were dominated by Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, saprophytic fungi, and tufted mycorrhizal fungi. Additionally, the cumulative concentrations of all PLFA biomarkers were ranked as followed: CK>MI>HI>SI. Shrub expansion altered soil microbial abundance; however, the effect on their relative abundance was not significant. Different intensities of shrub invasion had a significant impact on soil microbial composition (β-diversity) but not on α-diversity when compared to CK. The primary physicochemical drivers of the differences in soil microbial communities caused by shrub expansion were total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP). The findings of this study aim to support the scientific management of integrated wetland systems, such as the restoration of marsh ecosystems in the Sanjiang Plain and the stabilization of ecosystem structure.

Key words: phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), shrub expansion, soil microorganism, Sanjiang Plain

王申正, 张荣涛, 李琳, 柴春荣. 灌木扩张对三江平原湿地土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(11): 82-89.

WANG Shenzheng, ZHANG Rongtao, LI Lin, CHAI Chunrong. Effects of Shrub Expansion on Soil Microbial Diversity in Wetlands of Sanjiang Plain[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(11): 82-89.

图/表 9

图1. 本研究所在的位置（红色区域为试验所在位置）

Site	PH	TN/(g/kg)	SOC/(g/kg)	TP/(g/kg)	AP/(mg/kg)	NH₄⁺/(mg/kg)	NO₃^-/(mg/kg)
CK	5.35±0.12a	3.00±0.24a	33.48±3.87a	0.84±0.07a	8.75±1.617a	14.04±5.74ab	1.99±0.75a
SI	5.23±0.12a	3.75±0.84a	39.85±8.91a	1.03±0.15a	8.26±4.14a	8.09±2.53b	1.82±0.03a
MI	5.26±0.14a	3.27±1.65a	35.42±19.41a	1.07±0.17a	8.17±2.92a	16.01±2.53a	1.56±0.18a
HI	5.20±0.12a	3.31±1.20a	34.44±13.59a	1.09±0.10a	10.17±3.88a	7.34±0.84b	1.49±0.45a

表1. 不同灌木扩张强度的土壤理化性质

图2. 不同灌木扩张程度不同土壤微生物PLFA标志物数量的堆叠直方图

图3. 不同灌木扩张程度不同土壤微生物PLFA标志物数量的分组百分比堆叠柱形图

图4. 基于PLFA数据的不同灌木扩张强度的微生物α多样性指数

图5. 基于PLFA数据的不同灌木扩张强度的土壤微生物NMDS分析结果

图6. 利用不同灌木扩张强度的土壤微生物PLFA衍生数据和土壤理化性质进行冗余分析

图7. 不同灌木扩张强度中PLFA数量的比较

图8. 热图显示了四种灌木扩张强度中土壤微生物PLFA标志物与土壤理化性质之间的相关性统计显著性为*代表P<0.05，**代表P<0.01

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灌木扩张对三江平原湿地土壤微生物多样性的影响

Effects of Shrub Expansion on Soil Microbial Diversity in Wetlands of Sanjiang Plain

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