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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 1-7.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0466

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

不同播期对三江平原水稻大田营养生长期秧苗素质及分蘖动态的影响

褚春燕1(), 李辰晖2, 王艳2, 庞云超3, 韩俊杰3, 王萍3, 翟墨3, 姜丽霞3()   

  1. 1 佳木斯市气象局，黑龙江佳木斯 154004
    2 富锦市气象局，黑龙江富锦 156100
    3 黑龙江省气象科学研究所，哈尔滨 150030
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-15 修回日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-11
  • 通讯作者:
    姜丽霞，女，1972年出生，正研级高级工程师，硕士，研究方向：气象灾害与应用气象。通信地址：150030 黑龙江省哈尔滨市香坊区电碳路71号 黑龙江省气象科学研究所，Tel：0451-55101025，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    褚春燕，女，1976年出生，黑龙江富锦人，高级工程师，本科，研究方向：农业气象和综合气象观测。通信地址：154004 黑龙江佳木斯市长安路790号 佳木斯市气象局，Tel：0454-8582296，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目课题“东北玉米水稻低温冷害监测评估及预警预测研究”(2022YFD2300201); 黑龙江省气象局科研项目“粮食存储气象服务指标研究”(HQZC2020017)

Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Seedling Quality and Tillering Dynamics of Rice During Field Nutritional Growth Period in Sanjiang Plain

CHU Chunyan1(), LI Chenhui2, WANG Yan2, PANG Yunchao3, HAN Junjie3, WANG Ping3, ZHAI Mo3, JIANG Lixia3()   

  1. 1 Meteorological Bureau of Jiamusi, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154004
    2 Meteorological Bureau of Fujin, Fujin, Heilongjiang 156100
    3 Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science, Harbin 150030
  • Received:2024-07-15 Revised:2025-02-20 Published:2025-04-15 Online:2025-04-11

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摘要：

本研究旨在通过探讨不同播期对水稻大田营养生长期秧苗生长性状和分蘖动态的影响，为科学选择水稻生产的播种和移栽日期提供依据，以促进稳定高产。以三江平原主栽品种‘龙粳31’为试材，设置4个播期，相邻播期间隔时间步长10 d，将当地多年平均播期设为第2期(T2)，向前设置1期(T1)，向后设置2期(T3—T4)开展试验。结果表明：大田营养生长期随着播期推迟，水稻发育进程加快，逐日温度适宜度不适宜天数减少，发育期温度适宜度上升，≥10℃有效积温下降；≥10℃有效积温与分蘖数的决定系数均在92.8%以上，对水稻分蘖数影响系数在4.7~8.9之间；T1播期在返青—分蘖期遭遇最低温达3.3℃的阶段性低温，连续7 d的逐日温度适宜度低于0.3，其中4 d的逐日温度适宜度为0，秧苗性状指标最低；T2播期株高最大达73 cm，单株叶面积103.27 cm2，单株干物质1.01 g，穴最大分蘖数达到18株。综合来看T2播期秧苗素质指标最高，T3次之，5月11—21日为最佳移栽期。研究结果为水稻种植科学选择移栽期、趋利避害和促进稳产丰产提供理论依据。

关键词: 三江平原, 水稻, 分期播种, 大田营养生长期, 秧苗素质, 分蘖动态

Abstract:

By studying the effects of different sowing dates on the growth characteristics and tillering dynamics of rice seedlings during the vegetative growth stage, this paper provides a basis for scientifically selecting the sowing and transplanting dates for rice production and promoting stable and high yields. Taking the main cultivar ‘Longjing 31’ in the Sanjiang Plain as the test material, four sowing periods were set with a time step of 10 d between adjacent sowing periods, the local multi-year average sowing period was set as the second period (T2), and one forward phase (T1) and two backward phases (T3-T4) were set together to carry out the trial. The results showed that as the sowing date delayed, the rice development period was delayed and shortened, the development process of rice accelerated, the number of unsuitable days of daily temperature suitability decreased, the temperature suitability during the development period increased, and the effective accumulated temperature of ≥ 10℃ decreased. The coefficient of determination of effective accumulated temperature (≥10℃ ) and tiller number was above 92.8 %, and the influence coefficient of effective accumulated temperature (≥10℃ ) on tiller number was between 4.7 and 8.9; T1 sowing stage encountered a stage low temperature with the lowest temperature of 3.3 °C from regreening to tillering stage, and the daily temperature suitability for 7 consecutive days was less than 0.3, of which 4 days was 0, and the seedling trait index was the lowest; the maximum plant height and leaf area per plant were 73 cm and 103.27 cm2 at T2 sowing stage, the dry matter of each plant was 1.01 g, the maximum number of tillers in the hole reached 18 plants. Above all, the seedling quality index was the highest in T2, followed by T3, and May 11-21 was the best transplanting period. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the scientific selection of transplanting period, seeking benefits and avoiding harm, and promoting stable and high yield in rice planting.

Key words: Sanjiang Plain, rice, staged sowing, growth period of field nutrition, growth traits, tillering dynamics