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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 123-131.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0798

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物炭基肥料减量基施对中低产田水稻产量、养分吸收和经济效益的影响

肖卓熙1,2(), 张智1,2, 刘东海1,2, 乔艳1,2, 李世涛1, 胡诚1,2()   

  1. 1 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉 430064
    2 国家土壤质量洪山观测实验站,武汉 430064
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19 修回日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-11
  • 通讯作者:
    胡诚,男,1972年出生,湖北安陆人,研究员,博士,主要从事土壤生态学研究。通信地址:430064 武汉市洪山区南湖大道18号 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,Tel:027-88430575,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    肖卓熙,男,1994年出生,湖北仙桃人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事新型肥料研发及应用方面的研究。通信地址:430064 武汉市洪山区南湖大道18号 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,Tel:027-88430575,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“长江中下游坡耕地红黄壤与中低产稻田产能提升技术模式及应用”(2021YFD1901200); 2023年度“湖北省博士后尖端人才引进计划”项目

Effects of Reducing Biochar Based Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Cost-benefit in Middle-low Yield Field

XIAO Zhuoxi1,2(), ZHANG Zhi1,2, LIU Donghai1,2, QIAO Yan1,2, LI Shitao1, HU Cheng1,2()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064
    2 National Agricultural Experimental Hongshan Station for Soil Quality, Wuhan 430064
  • Received:2024-12-19 Revised:2025-02-24 Published:2025-04-15 Online:2025-04-11

摘要:

为探讨生物炭基肥料在中低产田水稻生产上增产提效的应用潜力,在湖北阳新和沙市地区以中低产稻田为研究对象,通过大田小区试验,设置不施肥(CK)、习惯施肥(F)、习惯施肥+生物炭(FB)、生物炭基肥料(BF1)、生物炭基肥料减量10% (BF2)、生物炭基肥料减量20% (BF3) 6个处理,研究生物炭基肥料减量基施对水稻产量、养分吸收和经济效益的影响。结果表明:施用生物炭基肥料增加了中低产田水稻产量和秸秆生物量,其中BF1处理相较于F处理显著增加了水稻产量,在中产田和低产田分别提高11.09%和9.51%;生物炭基肥料处理促进了水稻对养分的吸收,在中低产田BF1和BF2处理的水稻地上部氮、磷累积量均高于F处理;同时,BF1和BF2处理相较于F处理显著提高了中产田的氮、磷、钾肥表观利用率和低产田的磷、钾肥表观利用率,其中,在中产田BF2处理氮肥表观利用率最高,为38.99%,比F处理提高了29.41%;另外,BF1和BF2处理增加了中低产田水稻种植收益,其中BF1处理经济效益最高,在低产田和中产田较F处理分别增收560.7元/hm2和1460.3元/hm2。综上,生物炭基肥料减量0%~10%施用可以提高水稻产量和肥料利用效率、增加农户种植收益,适用于中低产田水稻生产。

关键词: 水稻, 生物炭基肥料, 中低产田, 养分吸收, 肥料利用率

Abstract:

To explore the application potential of biochar based fertilizer to increase the yield and income of rice production in middle-low yield field, field plot experiments were conducted in Yangxin and Shashi area of Hubei Province. The effects of no fertilization (CK), customary fertilization (F), customary fertilization + biochar (FB), biochar based fertilizer (BF1), biochar based fertilizer reduction of 10% (BF2) and biochar based fertilizer reduction of 20% (BF3) on rice yield, nutrient uptake and cost-benefit were studied. The results showed that the application of biochar based fertilizer increased rice yield and straw biomass, and BF1 treatment significantly increased rice yield compared with F treatment, which increased by 11.09% and 9.51% in middle and low yield fields, respectively. Biochar based fertilizer treatment promoted the nutrient uptake of rice, the above-ground N and P accumulations of rice treated with BF1 and BF2 were higher than those treated with F. At the same time, compared with F treatment, BF1 and BF2 treatment significantly improve the apparent recovery rates of N, P and K in middle yield field and the apparent recovery rates of P and K in low yield field. And, BF2 treatment had the highest apparent recovery rate of N (38.99%) in middle yield field, which was 29.41% higher than that of F treatment. In addition, BF1 and BF2 treatments increased the income of rice planting in middle-low yield fields, among which BF1 treatment had the highest income, with an increase of 560.7 yuan/hm2 and 1460.3 yuan/hm2 compared with F treatment in low and middle yield fields, respectively. In conclusion, the application of 0%-10% reduction of biochar based fertilizer can improve rice yield and fertilizer use efficiency, and increase farmers’ planting income, which is suitable for rice production in middle-low yield field.

Key words: rice, biochar based fertilizer, medium-low yield field, nutrient uptake, fertilizer use efficiency