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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 48-54.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0367

所属专题: 生物技术

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

减施化肥增施有机肥和菌肥对番茄产量及土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

郑剑超(), 李明, 董飞()   

  1. 新疆生产建设兵团第十二师农业科学研究所,乌鲁木齐 830088
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-08 修回日期:2023-09-08 出版日期:2024-03-25 发布日期:2024-03-22
  • 通讯作者:
    董飞,男,1983年出生,新疆乌鲁木齐人,高级农艺师,硕士研究生,主要从事作物优质高效栽培技术研究。通信地址:830033 新疆乌鲁木齐头屯河区崇五路48号,Tel:0991-3973585,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    郑剑超,男,1989年出生,四川内江人,农艺师,硕士研究生,主要从事作物提质增效栽培技术研究。通信地址:830033 新疆乌鲁木齐头屯河区崇五路48号,Tel:0991-3973585,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    兵团第十二师科技攻关项目“设施蔬菜‘两减’提质增效关键技术集成与应用”(SR2019010); 兵团第十二师科技攻关项目“南疆日光温室秋茬番茄提质增效技术集成与运用”(SR202118)

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer and Microbial Agent on Tomato Yield and Soil Microbial and Enzyme Activities

ZHENG Jianchao(), LI Ming, DONG Fei()   

  1. Agricultural Science Research Institute of the Twelfth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi 830088
  • Received:2023-05-08 Revised:2023-09-08 Published:2024-03-25 Online:2024-03-22

摘要:

通过研究不同化肥减量配施有机肥和菌肥对设施番茄产量及土壤微生物和酶活性的影响,为化肥减量配施有机肥和菌肥的可行性和设施番茄种植中减肥增效提供科学依据。试验设置6个处理,CK:空白对照(不施肥);CF:单施化肥;RF1:化肥减施20%配施有机肥20%;RF2:化肥减施40%配施有机肥40%;RFM1:化肥减施20%配施有机肥20%+菌肥;RFM2:化肥减施40%配施有机肥40%+菌肥。结果表明:化肥减量配施有机肥和菌肥番茄根际土壤细菌数量提高了53.05%~134.15%,放线菌数量提高13.94%~26.55%,真菌数量降低了20.32%~37.92%,并随有机肥施入量的增加而增加。化肥减量增加菌肥能有效提高土壤细菌/真菌和放线菌/真菌的值。化肥减量配施有机肥和菌剂提高了脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,且随有机肥施入量的增加而增加。减施化肥处理对应增加菌肥处理显著减少了番茄有机酸含量,提高了可溶性固形物、Vc和番茄红素含量。RF1、RF2、RFM1和RFM2产量较CF增产4.40%、-6.55%、8.13%和0.81%。单株结果数、单果重和产量以RFM1较高。综上所述,化肥减量增加有机肥和菌肥能改善根际土壤微生物群落的结构和数量,增加土壤有效养分含量和酶活性,促进植株生长发育,达到增产提质的目的。从土壤微生物数量和结构、酶活性、产量、品质的综合考虑,设施番茄栽培减少20%的化肥用量配施有机肥和菌肥更适宜。

关键词: 番茄, 化肥减量, 有机肥替代, 土壤微生物, 酶活性

Abstract:

The effects of different chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer and biological agents on tomato yield, soil microbial and enzyme activities were studied to provide scientific basis for the feasibility of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer and biological agents and the reduction of fertilizer and efficiency in tomato planting. Six treatments were set up in the experiment, which were CK: blank control (no fertilization); CF: single application of chemical fertilizer; RF1: 20% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with 20% organic fertilizer; RF2: 40% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with 40% application of organic fertilizer; RFM1: chemical fertilizer reduction 20% with organic fertilizer 20% + biological agent; RFM2: 40% chemical fertilizer reduction combined with 40% organic fertilizer + biological agent. The results showed that the number of bacteria in tomato rhizosphere soil increased by 53.05%-134.15%, the number of actinomycetes increased by 13.94%-26.55%, and the number of fungi decreased by 20.32%-37.92%, and increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application. The application of biological agents corresponding to the reduction of chemical fertilizer significantly increased the values of soil bacteria/fungi and actinomycetes/fungi. The activities of urease, sucrase and catalase increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application. The reduction of chemical fertilizer treatment corresponding to the increase of biological agent treatment significantly reduced the organic acid content of tomato, and increased the content of soluble solids, Vc and lycopene. The yield of RF1, RF2, RFM1 and RFM2 increased by 4.40%, 6.55%, 8.13% and 0.81 % compared with CF. The fruit number per plant, fruit weight and yield of RFM1 were higher. In summary, the combined application of organic fertilizer and biological agents could change soil enzyme activity and effective nutrient content by improving the number and structure of rhizosphere soil microbial communities, optimize the rhizosphere environment, promote plant growth and development, and achieve the purpose of increasing yield and improving quality. Considering the number and structure of soil microorganisms, enzyme activity, yield and quality, it is more suitable to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 20 % in greenhouse tomato cultivation with organic fertilizer and biological agent.

Key words: tomato, fertilizer reduction, organic fertilizer substitution, soil microorganisms, enzyme activity