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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (13): 110-121.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0724

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬灌条件下改良措施对重盐碱土壤脱盐效果的影响

肖军(), 刘洪波(), 卢震林, 白云岗, 张江辉, 郑明   

  1. 新疆水利水电科学研究院，乌鲁木齐 830049
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-18 修回日期:2025-02-28 出版日期:2025-05-05 发布日期:2025-05-07
  • 通讯作者:
    刘洪波，男，1982年出生，湖北天门人，正高级工程师，博士，研究方向：农业高效节水与土壤水盐调控技术。通信地址：830049 乌鲁木齐市红雁池北路73号 新疆水利水电科学研究院，Tel：0991-8523145，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    肖军，男，1983年出生，新疆乌鲁木齐人，高级工程师，本科，研究方向：水分高效利用技术。通信地址：830049 乌鲁木齐市红雁池北路73号 新疆水利水电科学研究院，Tel：0991-8523145，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目“南疆盐渍化障碍棉田干播湿出技术、产品研发”(2022A02007-3); 新疆天山英才-科技创新领军人才(2022TSYCLJ0069); 国家重点研发计划项目“准格尔盆地西缘绿洲农田暗管排盐与灌排协同调控示范”(2021YFD1900805-04); 国家重点研发计划项目“大型滴灌系统运行和稳定性控制关键技术与设备开发”(2021YFD1900803-02)

Effect of Improvement Measures on Desalting Effect of Heavy Saline-alkali Soil Under Winter Irrigation

XIAO Jun(), LIU Hongbo(), LU Zhenlin, BAI Yungang, ZHANG Jianghui, ZHENG Ming   

  1. Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Urumqi 830049
  • Received:2024-11-18 Revised:2025-02-28 Published:2025-05-05 Online:2025-05-07

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摘要： 为确定南疆地区含黏土夹层重盐碱土壤适宜的改良措施，以重盐碱夹层土壤为研究对象，对2020—2023年相同冬灌定额条件下不同改良措施对土壤盐分及脱盐效果的影响进行分析。结果显示，到2023年冬灌后，打孔灌沙、打孔、开沟打孔灌沙和无措施处理经过3次冬灌，分别由11.37、11.44、8.81、13.50 g/kg降到3.35、4.47、1.54、7.17 g/kg，深翻处理经过4次冬灌由11.25 g/kg降到了1.17 g/kg。各改良处理中以深翻、开沟打孔灌沙的脱盐率最高，分别为89.60%、82.52%，其他改良处理在50.08%~75.91%之间，而无措施、开沟处理的脱盐率分别为51.48%、47.87%。研究表明，深翻和开沟打孔灌沙与打孔灌沙的改良措施能有效降低重盐碱土壤含盐量，显著提高重盐碱土壤的脱盐效果，且可在3~4次冬灌后使重盐碱土壤降到低度盐渍化水平，综合考虑改良措施的经济适用性与可操作性，推荐该地区含夹层重盐碱土壤采用打孔灌沙的改良措施。

关键词: 冬灌, 重盐碱土壤, 改良措施, 脱盐效果, 打孔灌沙, 黏土夹层, 新疆

Abstract:

To determine the suitable improvement measures for heavy saline-alkali soil with clay interlayer in southern Xinjiang, this study took heavy saline-alkali interlayer soil as the research object, and analyzed the effects of different improvement measures on soil salinity and desalination effect under the same winter irrigation quota from 2020 to 2023. The results showed that by the end of winter irrigation in 2023, after three times of winter irrigation, perforated sand irrigation, perforated irrigation, ditching drilling sand irrigation and no-measure treatment were reduced from 11.37, 11.44, 8.81 and 13.50 g/kg to 3.35, 4.47, 1.54 and 7.17 g/kg, respectively. In particular, the rate of deep plowing treatment had decreased from 11.25 g/kg to 1.17 g/kg after four rounds of winter irrigation. Among all the improvement treatments, the desalination rates of deep ploughing and ditching drilling sand irrigation were the highest, which were 89.60% and 82.52%, respectively, while those of other improvement treatments were between 50.08% and 75.91%, while those of no measures and ditching treatments were 51.48% and 47.87%, respectively. The research showed that the improvement measures of deep ploughing, ditching and perforated sand irrigation could effectively reduce the salt content of heavy saline-alkali soil and significantly improve the desalination effect of heavy saline-alkali soil, and could reduce the heavy saline-alkali soil to a low salinity level after three to four winter irrigation. Considering the economic applicability and operability of the improvement measures, it was recommended that the improvement measures of perforated sand irrigation should be adopted for heavy saline-alkali soil with interlayer in this area.

Key words: winter irrigation, heavy saline-alkali soil, improvement measures, desalting effect, perforated sand irrigation, clay interlayer, Xinjiang