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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (27): 36-43.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0099

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

施镁肥对靖西烤烟钙镁养分及柔软度的影响

周效峰1(), 李佳琦2, 张利军2, 林海东2, 林小兴1, 李想2, 杨细平2(), 胡亚杰1()   

  1. 1 广西中烟工业有限责任公司,南宁 530001
    2 广西大学农学院,南宁 530004
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-10 修回日期:2025-07-15 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-07
  • 通讯作者:
    胡亚杰,女,1982年出生,广西南宁人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事烟叶原料技术研究。通信地址:530001 南宁市北湖南路28号 广西中烟,Tel:0771-3998131,E-mail:
    杨细平,男,1984年出生,广西南宁人,副教授,博士,主要从事作物学研究。通信地址:530004 南宁市西乡塘区大学东路100号 广西大学农学院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    周效峰,男,1976年出生,广西南宁人,农艺师,本科,主要从事烟叶原料技术研究。通信地址:530001 南宁市北湖南路28号 广西中烟,Tel:0771-3998363,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广西中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(GXZYCX2023B002)

Effects of Magnesium Fertilization on Calcium and Magnesium Nutrients and Softness of Flue-cured Tobacco in Jingxi

ZHOU Xiaofeng1(), LI Jiaqi2, ZHANG Lijun2, LIN Haidong2, LIN Xiaoxing1, LI Xiang2, YANG Xiping2(), HU Yajie1()   

  1. 1 China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd, Nanning 530001
    2 College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004
  • Received:2025-02-10 Revised:2025-07-15 Published:2025-09-25 Online:2025-10-07

摘要:

靖西市主要烤烟种植区土壤普遍呈现高钙低镁特征,钙镁比偏高,导致烤烟叶片缺镁失绿,烘烤后呈现出“平滑僵硬”等症状,严重制约烟叶品质提升。为解决这一产业问题,本研究以靖西化峒镇和同德乡两个典型植烟区为研究对象,通过绘制土壤养分空间分布图,系统分析了研究区域土壤养分特征。在此基础上,针对不同钙水平地块(中钙A、中高钙B、极高钙C),系统研究了不同施镁量(CK:60 kg/hm2、T1:180 kg/hm2、T2:300 kg/hm2和T3:420 kg/hm2) 对烤烟钙镁养分吸收及烟叶物理特性的影响,旨在优化镁肥施用方案,提升烟叶品质。结果表明:在中钙A与极高钙C地块,施镁肥显著改善了烤烟生长状况。其中,T3处理较CK对照显著提升了烤烟株高、叶片数与最大叶面积。施镁量与中钙A和极高钙C地块施镁量与烤烟叶片和土壤交换性钙镁含量呈显著正相关关系,而与中钙A地块根部钙含量、中高钙B地块叶片钙含量和极高钙C地块土壤钙含量呈显著负相关关系,表明增施镁肥能有效提升烤烟镁素营养水平,改善钙镁平衡。此外,中钙A与极高钙C地块T2处理显著提升了烤烟柔软性,且镁肥用量处于173.58~445.05 kg/hm2区间,3块地块的烤烟柔软度值均处于柔软档次,有效缓解了“平滑僵硬”症状。本研究表明,科学施用镁肥可显著改善靖西烤烟烟叶镁含量与柔软度,提升烟叶柔软度和整体品质。综合考虑施肥成本与效果,推荐镁肥用量为300 kg/hm2,此时烤烟各项指标提升效果最佳。本研究为靖西烤烟种植提升提供了重要的土壤养分数据,可为其他高钙烟区烤烟生产提供科学参考,对提高烟叶品质和产业效益具有重要意义。

关键词: 烤烟, 土壤养分, 高钙低镁, 植物养分, 柔软度

Abstract:

In the main tobacco-planting areas of Jingxi, the soil exhibited high calcium and low magnesium levels, along with a relatively high calcium to magnesium ratio. This led to the magnesium deficiency and chlorosis in tobacco leaves and resulted in smooth and rigid symptoms in flue-cured tobacco. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive survey of soil nutrients in the tobacco-planting areas of Huadong and Tongde Township in Jingxi, and generated a spatial distribution map of soil nutrients. To investigate magnesium fertilizer application schemes under different calcium levels, experimental plots with three distinct calcium levels were established: (A: medium calcium, B: medium-high calcium and C: extremely high calcium). Within each plot, four magnesium fertilizer application rates were set up: CK (60 kg/hm2), T1 (180 kg/hm2), T2 (300 kg/hm2) and T3 (420 kg/hm2). The agronomic traits during key growth stages of tobacco, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium in the soil at maturity, the calcium and magnesium contents in tobacco plants, and the softness of tobacco leaves were measured. The results showed that the soils in the main tobacco-planting areas of Jingxi generally presented high calcium and low magnesium levels. The magnesium fertilizer application results indicated that in plots A (suitable calcium) and C (extremely high calcium), the T3 treatment (420 kg/hm2 magnesium fertilizer) significantly increased plant height, leaf number and maximum leaf area of flue-cured tobacco compared with the CK control (60 kg/hm2). There was a significant positive correlation between the magnesium application amounts and the magnesium contents in the leaves and soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium in the plots A and C, a significant negative correlation with the calcium content in the roots of the plot A, the calcium content in the leaves of the plot B, and the calcium content in the soil of the plot C. Increasing the application of magnesium fertilizer enhanced the magnesium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves. The T2 treatment in plots A and C significantly improved the softness of flue-cured tobacco. When the magnesium fertilizer application amount was in the range of 173.58-445.05 kg/hm2, the softness of flue-cured tobacco leaves in all three plots reached a soft category, indicating that magnesium fertilizer application could improve the softness of the flue-cured tobacco leaves. In conclusion, increasing magnesium fertilizer application can enhance both the magnesium content and softness of flue-cured tobacco leaves, thereby alleviating the smooth and rigid symptoms observed in tobacco leaves. Specifically, when the magnesium fertilizer application amount is 300 kg/hm2, the improvement effect of various indicators of flue-cured tobacco is relatively significant. This study provides important soil nutrient data for the improvement of flue-cured tobacco planting in Jingxi and may serve as a scientific reference for tobacco production in other high-calcium regions, which is of great significance for enhancing leaf quality and industrial efficiency.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, soil nutrients, high calcium and low magnesium levels, plant nutrients, softness