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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (27): 94-98.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0098

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

七师垦区连续高产棉田土壤养分含量特征分析

成文(), 丁荣荣, 张利民, 王国平, 王海娟()   

  1. 新疆生产建设兵团第七师农业科学研究所，新疆伊犁 833200
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-07 修回日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-07
  • 通讯作者:
    王海娟，女，1986年出生，甘肃敦煌人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事棉花遗传育种研究。通信地址：833200 新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州奎屯市乌鲁木齐东路97号 新疆生产建设兵团第七师农业科学研究所，Tel：0992-3333856，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    成文，女，1995年出生，山东滨州人，研究实习员，硕士，研究方向：棉花遗传育种。通信地址：833200 新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州奎屯市乌鲁木齐东路97号 新疆生产建设兵团第七师农业科学研究所，Tel：0992-3290132，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    第七师科协专项“第七师优质绿色高产千公斤棉花理论设计大纲”; 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系“额尔齐斯综合试验站”(CARS-15-41); 七师财政科技计划“基于补偿效应的棉花氮肥减施增效关键技术研究与应用”(2023C12); 七师财政科技计划“陆地棉高效遗传转化体系的建立及新种质创制与示范”(2023C13)

Analysis on Soil Nutrient Content Characteristics of Continuous High Yield Cotton Fields in 7th Division Reclamation Area

CHENG Wen(), DING Rongrong, ZHANG Limin, WANG Guoping, WANG Haijuan()   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Production 7th Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Yili,Xinjiang 833200
  • Received:2025-02-07 Revised:2025-06-23 Published:2025-09-25 Online:2025-10-07

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摘要：

本研究旨在明确新疆生产建设兵团第七师（以下简称“七师”）垦区高产棉田耕层土壤的养分含量特征，为棉花生产提供科学施肥依据。以七师垦区7个主要植棉团镇的高产棉田耕层土壤为研究对象，采用野外取样与室内试验相结合的方法，参照新疆棉田土壤养分分级标准和土壤盐渍化程度分级标准，运用统计学方法分析了高产棉田耕层土壤的养分含量。结果表明：耕层土壤呈中性至微碱性（pH 7.58~8.10）；可溶性总盐平均含量为1.81 g/kg，属于轻度或无盐化土壤；土壤有机质平均含量为12.39 g/kg，土壤有机质缺乏；土壤全氮平均含量为0.105%，属高水平；有效磷平均含量为28.33 mg/kg，属中等水平；速效钾平均含量高达409.91 mg/kg；土壤有效硼平均含量为2.56 mg/kg，处于高水平；有效锌平均含量为0.55 mg/kg，属中等偏低水平；有效铁平均含量为10.93 mg/kg，处于中等偏高水平；有效锰平均含量较低，为5.96 mg/kg，属低水平；有效铜平均含量为1.04 mg/kg，属中等偏高水平。建议为在“十五五”期间保持棉花的高产优质，应在生产中合理配施氮磷肥料，适当控制钾肥用量，同时保证有机肥的充足施用。此外，应重视锌、锰等微量元素的补充，并根据棉花生长情况酌情施用硼、铁、铜肥料。

关键词: 七师垦区, 棉田, 土壤养分, 元素含量, 科学施肥

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of nutrient content in the topsoil of high-yield cotton fields in the 7th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and to provide scientific fertilization basis for cotton production. Topsoil samples from high-yield cotton fields in seven major cotton planting regiment towns of the 7th Division reclamation area were analyzed. Using the method of combining field sampling and laboratory test, with reference to The Soil Nutrient Classification Standard of Xinjiang Cotton Fields and The Soil Salinization Degree Classification Standard of Xinjiang, statistical methods were employed to evaluate soil nutrient content and salinity. The results showed that soil pH in the plough layer ranged from 7.58 to 8.10 (neutral to slightly alkaline); total soluble salt averaged 1.81 g/kg (non-saline to mildly saline); soil organic matter averaged 12.39 g/kg (deficient); total nitrogen averaged 0.105% (high); available phosphorus and potassium averaged 28.33 mg/kg (medium) and 409.91 mg/kg (high), respectively. For micronutrients, available boron averaged 2.56 mg/kg (high); zinc averaged 0.55 mg/kg (medium-low); iron averaged 10.93 mg/kg (medium-high); manganese averaged 5.96 mg/kg (low), and copper averaged 1.04 mg/kg (medium-high). Fertilization strategies are recommended that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be rationally applied in production, the amount of potassium fertilizer should be properly controlled, and the sufficient application of organic fertilizer should be ensured. In addition, attention should be paid to the supplement of trace elements such as zinc and manganese, and boron, iron and copper fertilizers should be applied according to the growth of cotton.

Key words: 7th Division reclamation area, cotton fields, soil nutrients, element content, scientific fertilization