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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 119-125.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0063

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同茎叶除草剂防除棉田杂草效果比较及应用示范

张华崇(), 戴宝生, 赵树琪, 闫振华, 黄晓莉, 张欣, 李蔚()   

  1. 黄冈市农业科学院，湖北黄冈 438000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-24 修回日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者:
    李蔚，男，1967年出生，湖北浠水人，正高职高级农艺师，主要从事棉花育种、栽培和技术推广工作。通信地址：438000 湖北省黄冈市黄州大道89号黄冈市农业科学院，Tel：0713-8695741，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张华崇，男，1989年出生，河南安阳人，硕士，农艺师，主要从事小麦和棉花病虫草害防控技术研究。通信地址：438000 湖北省黄冈市黄州大道89号 黄冈市农业科学院，Tel：0713-8695741，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系“国家棉花产业技术体系专项资金”(CARS-15-36); 湖北省农业科技创新中心资助项目“棉花轻简化机械化智慧化配套品种选育和生产技术研究”(2024-620-000-001-006)

Comparison and Demonstration of Weed Control Effect of Foliar-applied Herbicides in Cotton Yield

ZHANG Huachong(), DAI Baosheng, ZHAO Shuqi, YAN Zhenhua, HUANG Xiaoli, ZHANG Xin, LI Wei()   

  1. Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei 438000
  • Received:2025-01-24 Revised:2025-06-03 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-05

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摘要： 为筛选湖北地区棉田适用的安全高效茎叶除草剂，本研究采用大田小区试验，通过苗后茎叶定向喷雾，比较分析了9种除草剂对棉田杂草的防除效果、棉花产量及安全性。结果显示：施药后21 d，30%苯唑草酮SC（27 ga.i./hm2）、5%咪唑乙烟酸AS（100 ga.i./hm2）、21%精草铵膦铵盐SL（820 ga.i./hm2）、51%丙炔氟草胺WG（60 ga.i./hm2）和50%扑草净WP （1050 ga.i./hm2），对棉田总草鲜重的防效分别为99.40%、86.07%、91.17%、98.81%和99.34%，显著高于25%砜嘧磺隆WG（26 ga.i./hm2）、15%硝磺草酮SC（190 ga.i./hm2）和10%吡嘧磺隆WP（30 ga.i./hm2）的处理效果。产量分析表明，所有药剂处理均能显著提高‘冈棉13号’产量，其中21%精草铵膦铵盐SL（820 ga.i./hm2）和51%丙炔氟草胺WG（60 ga.i./hm2）处理的增产幅度最大。安全性评价表明，仅15%硝磺草酮SC（190 ga.i./hm2）对棉花存在一定风险，表现为显著降低棉花根粗。田间应用示范结果（与人工除草相比）显示：21%精草铵膦铵盐SL（820 ga.i./hm2）、51%丙炔氟草胺WG（60 ga.i./hm2）均能提高‘冈棉13号’产量。综上，推荐在试验剂量下，通过茎叶定向喷雾施用21%精草铵膦铵盐SL和51%丙炔氟草胺WG防除棉田杂草，该方案效果显著且对棉花安全。

关键词: 茎叶除草剂, 棉田, 杂草, 防除效果, 应用示范

Abstract:

In order to identify safe and efficient foliar herbicides suitable for cotton fields in Hubei Province, the effect and safety of 9 herbicides on weed control and cotton yield were compared and analyzed in this study by directional spray of stems and leaves after seedling. The results showed that 21 days after treatments, the control effect of 30% topramezone SC 27 ga.i./hm2, 5% imazethapyr AS 100 ga.i./hm2, 21% glufosinate-P-ammonium SL 820 ga.i./hm2, 51% flumioxazin WG 60 ga.i./hm2 and 50% prometryn WP 1050 ga.i./hm2 on total grass fresh weight in cotton field were 99.40%, 86.07%, 91.17%, 98.81% and 99.34%, respectively. It was significantly higher than 25% sulfonsulfuron WG 26 ga.i./hm2, 15% nitrone SC 190 ga.i./hm2 and 10% pyrisulfuron WP 30 ga.i./hm2. Yield analysis indicated that all herbicide treatments significantly increased the yield of ‘Gangmian 13’ cotton, with 21% glufosinate-P-ammonium SL 820 ga.i./hm2 and 51% flumioxazin WG 60 ga.i./hm2, showing the greatest yield increase. Safety evaluation revealed that only 15% mesotrione SC 190 ga.i./hm2 posed potential risks to cotton, manifested as a significant reduction in root diameter. Field demonstration (compared to manual weeding) confirmed that both 21% glufosinate-P-ammonium SL 820 ga.i./hm2 and flumioxazin WG 60 ga.i./hm2 enhanced the yield of ‘Gangmian 13’. In conclusion, 21% glufosinate-P SL and 51% flumioxazin WG applied via directional foliar spraying at tested rates are recommended for weed control in cotton fields. This approach delivers significant efficacy while maintaining crop safety.

Key words: foliar-applied herbicide, cotton field, weed, control effect, demonstration