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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 111-118.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0730

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

茄子土传病害病原菌鉴定及球毛壳菌CEF-082对其的防治作用

李文燕1,2(), 周京龙1, 张亚林1, 赵丽红1, 冯鸿杰1,3, 魏锋1, 王朝阳2, 朱荷琴1, 冯自力1,3()   

  1. 1 棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室/中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳 455000
    2 安阳市植物保护检疫站,河南安阳 455000
    3 中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉 831100
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-29 修回日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者:
    冯自力,男,1980年出生,湖北襄阳人,副研究员,博士,研究方向:植物病理。通信地址:455000 河南省安阳市文峰区黄河大道38号 中国农业科学院棉花研究所,Tel:0372-2562235,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李文燕,女,1991年出生,河南济源人,农艺师,硕士,研究方向:植物保护。通信地址:455000 河南省安阳市文峰区黄河大道38号 中国农业科学院棉花研究所,Tel:0372-3808702,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    “天池英才”引进计划(TCYC2023TP02)

Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria of Eggplant Soil Borne Diseases and Control Effect of Chaetomium globosum CEF-082

LI Wenyan1,2(), ZHOU Jinglong1, ZHANG Yalin1, ZHAO Lihong1, FENG Hongjie1,3, WEI Feng1, WANG Chaoyang2, ZHU Heqin1, FENG Zili1,3()   

  1. 1 National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/ Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000
    2 Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Anyang City, Anyang, Henan 455000
    3 Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang 831100
  • Received:2024-11-29 Revised:2025-04-16 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-05

摘要: 为明确茄子土传病害病原菌的种类及球毛壳菌CEF-082对其拮抗作用和防治效果,采用组织分离法分离纯化茄子萎蔫病害的病原菌,通过病土接种进行致病性验证,采用形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法对萎蔫病害的病原进行鉴定,采用对峙培养法、含药培养基法和显微镜观察法,测定球毛壳菌CEF-082及发酵液对病原菌的菌丝生长、孢子萌发和产孢的影响,并通过盆栽试验明确球毛壳菌CEF-082对茄子土传病害的防治效果。结果表明,造成茄子萎蔫的病原菌为黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)、根腐病菌(Fusarium solani)和褐纹病菌(Phomopsis vexans);球毛壳菌CEF-082对茄子黄萎病菌和根腐病菌的菌丝生长、孢子萌发的抑制效果显著,对褐纹病菌抑制效果一般;10%的CEF-082发酵液对黄萎病菌、根腐病菌和褐纹病菌孢子萌发抑制率分别为70.63%、69.93%和67.69%。在盆栽试验中,药后30 d内,CEF-082对黄萎病、根腐病和褐纹病的防治效果分别为46.95%~55.68%、39.44%~46.43%、71.78%~95.19%。因此,球毛壳菌CEF-082对茄子黄萎病、根腐病和褐纹病具有较好的防治效果,为茄子黄萎病、根腐病和褐纹病等病害的绿色防控提供新的途径。

关键词: 球毛壳菌, 土传病害, 茄子黄萎病, 茄子根腐病, 茄子褐纹病, 拮抗作用, 防治作用

Abstract:

In order to clarify the types of eggplant soil-borne diseases and the antagonistic effect of Chaetomium globosum CEF-082 on eggplant, the pathogen of eggplant wilt disease was isolated and purified by tissue separation method, and its pathogenicity was verified by soil inoculation. The pathogen of wilt disease was identified by combining morphology and molecular biology. The effects of C. globosum CEF-082 and fermentation broth on the hyphal growth, spore germination, and spore production of the pathogen were determined by confrontation culture method, drug containing medium method, and microscopic observation method. The control effect of C. globosum CEF-082 on eggplant soil borne diseases was clarified through pot experiments. The results showed that the pathogens causing eggplant wilting were Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium solani and Phomopsis vexans. The inhibitory effect of C. globosum CEF-082 and its fermentation broth had significant inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth and spore germination of V. dahliae and F. solani, while the inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of P. vexans was moderate. The inhibitory rates of the 10% fermentation broth on spore germination of V. dahliae, F. solani, and P. vexans were 70.63%, 69.93% and 67.69%, respectively. In the pot experiments, within 30 days after application, the control effect of C. globosum CEF-082 on Verticillium wilt, root rot, and Phomopsis blight in eggplant ranged from 46.95% to 55.68%, 39.44% to 46.43%, and 71.78% to 95.19%, respectively. In conclusion, C. globosum CEF-082 has significant antagonistic and control effects on V. dahliae, F. solani, and P. vexans, providing a new approach for the green control of soil-borne diseases such as Verticillium wilt, root rot, and Phomopsis blight in eggplant.

Key words: Chaetomium globosum, soil-borne pathogens, eggplant Verticillium wilt, eggplant root rot, Phomopsis vexans, antagonism, control effect