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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (14): 41-46.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0552

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

中药材根瘤菌的筛选及应用效果评价

杨波1,2(), 马聪1, 沙月霞1()   

  1. 1 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,银川 750011
    2 宁夏回族自治区农垦事业管理局农林牧技术推广服务中心,银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-27 修回日期:2024-10-15 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-14
  • 通讯作者:
    沙月霞,女,1974年出生,宁夏平罗人,研究员,博士研究生,研究方向:植物病害生物防治及微生态学。通信地址:750011 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,Tel:0951-6882352,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    杨波,男,1992年出生,宁夏中卫人,农艺师,硕士研究生,研究方向:菌物资源利用。通信地址:750011 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,Tel:0951-8302363,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏重点研发计划项目“宁夏道地根茎类中药材根腐病生物防控技术与应用”(2022BBF02031); 宁夏自然科学基金项目“月桂酸抑制生防阿氏芽胞杆菌LR2-2在植物根部定殖的调控机制”(2024AAC02062); 宁夏农林科学院科技攻关项目“宁夏麦豆复种土壤线虫病害生物防控技术与应用”(NKYG-24-20)

Screening and Application Effect Evaluation of Rhizobia in Chinese Herbal Medicines

YANG Bo1,2(), MA Cong1, SHA Yuexia1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750011
    2 Agriculture, Forestry and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Service Center of Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation Bureau, Yinchuan 750021
  • Received:2024-08-27 Revised:2024-10-15 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-05-14

摘要:

本研究旨在筛选对中药材根腐病菌具有拮抗作用且促生效果显著的根瘤菌菌株。采用平板划线法对从土壤中分离的目标菌株进行纯化。纯化后,利用菌株、菌株发酵液及无菌上清液对4种病原菌进行拮抗性评价。通过形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定供试菌株的种类,并结合浸种和灌根试验,评估供试菌株对中药材根腐病的防治效果及促生作用。研究结果显示,分离得到的菌株LQR-15被鉴定为草木樨中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)。该菌株对4种病原菌的拮抗作用率为10.61%~24.17%,对黄芪根腐病的室内防治效果为78.58%,田间防治效果为68.42%。此外,经LQR-15菌株处理后,黄芪、黄芩和柴银胡的株高分别较对照组(CK)提高了30.39%、32.79%和67.99%,生物量分别增加了0.14 g、0.26 g和0.26 g,根长、地上部及地下部干重均显著高于对照组。综上所述,筛选得到的草木樨中华根瘤菌对中药材根腐病病原菌具有较强的拮抗作用和一定的防治效果,同时能够显著促进中药材的生长。

关键词: 中药材, 草木樨中华根瘤菌, 拮抗作用, 促生效果, 防效

Abstract:

This study aims to screen rhizobia strains that demonstrate antagonistic effects against pathogens causing root rot in Chinese herbal medicines materials and exhibit significant growth-promoting properties. The target strains isolated from soil were purified using the plate streaking method. Following purification, the antagonistic activity of the strains, their fermentation broths, and sterile supernatants was evaluated against 4 pathogenic bacteria. The species identification of the tested strains was conducted using morphological and molecular biological techniques. The control effect and growth-promoting effect of the tested strains on root rot disease of Chinese medicinal materials were evaluated by seed soaking and root irrigation experiments. The results showed that the isolated strain LQR-15 was identified as Sinorhizobium meliloti. The antagonistic effect of this strain on four pathogenic bacteria ranged from 10.61% to 24.17%. The indoor control effect on Astragalus root rot was 78.58%, and the field control effect was 68.42%. In addition, after treatment with LQR-15 strain, the plant height of Astragalus membranaceus, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Hedysarum polybotrys increased by 30.39%, 32.79%, and 67.99% respectively compared to the control group (CK), and the biomass increased by 0.14 g, 0.26 g, and 0.26 g respectively. The root length, aboveground and underground dry weight was significantly higher than those of the control group. In summary, the selected Sinorhizobium meliloti strain demonstrates strong antagonistic effects and certain control effects on the root rot pathogens of Chinese medicinal materials, while also significantly promoting the growth of Chinese medicinal materials.

Key words: Chinese herbal medicines, Sinorhizobium meliloti, antagonism, growth-promoting effect, efficacy