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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (27): 99-105.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0125

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

陇东苹果落叶病与气象因子的相关性及预报方法研究

邱宁刚1,2(), 张洪芬2(), 张天峰2, 周忠文2, 马源徽2, 邱雅林3, 杜军4   

  1. 1 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,兰州 730020
    2 甘肃省庆阳市气象局,甘肃庆阳 745000
    3 甘肃省庆阳市林业和草原科学技术推广站,甘肃庆阳 745000
    4 甘肃省宁县气象局,甘肃宁县 745200
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 修回日期:2025-07-06 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-07
  • 通讯作者:
    张洪芬,女,1981年出生,山东聊城人,高级工程师,本科,学士,研究方向:灾害性天气预报预警研究。通信地址:745000 甘肃省庆阳市西峰区兰州路14号气象局,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    邱宁刚,男,1973年出生,甘肃宁县人,高级工程师,本科,主要从事生态与农业气象服务及科研工作。通信地址:745000 甘肃省庆阳市西峰区兰州路14号 甘肃省庆阳市气象局,Tel:0934-8212687,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技重大专项-社会发展领域项目“气候变化背景下甘肃精细化农业气候资源和农业气象灾害风险区划及预警研制”(25ZDFA011); 甘肃省庆阳市自然科学基金农业重大科研项目“气象因子对陇东苹果病虫害发生的影响及预测预报研究”(QY-STK-2023A-S082); 甘肃省气象局科研项目“陇东果园春季晚霜冻防治技术措施研究”(ZcMs2024- G-27)

Research on Correlation Between Meteorological Factors and Apple Leaf Fall Disease in Longdong Region and Its Prediction Methods

QIU Ninggang1,2(), ZHANG Hongfen2(), ZHANG Tianfeng2, ZHOU Zhongwen2, MA Yuanhui2, QIU Yalin3, DU Jun4   

  1. 1 Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020
    2 Qingyang Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province, Qingyang, Gansu 745000
    3 Qingyang Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Promotion Station, Qingyang, Gansu 745000
    4 Ningxian Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province, Ningxian, Gansu 745200
  • Received:2025-02-24 Revised:2025-07-06 Published:2025-09-25 Online:2025-10-07

摘要:

利用陇东苹果最佳优质产区庆阳市宁县农业技术推广中心2014—2023年苹果落叶病观测数据和宁县观测站气象数据,运用相关性分析、多元回归、统计检验等数理统计方法,对气象条件与落叶病发生的关系进行了分析。结论表明:宁县苹果落叶病的活动周期自6月起始,至10月终止,其中7—9月是其最为严重的阶段。该病害的萌发时机与前期降雨量及空气湿度的变化密切相关,频繁的降雨与高温天气是加剧病害的主导因素。对于偶尔出现的异常降水时段,会导致病害延迟5~10 d左右出现波动。年最大病园率与当年冬季温度、初夏温度、8—9月降水、湿度呈明显相关,采用多元回归构建预测方程,以便准确地把握病菌活动与天气变化之间的内在联系,为果农提供更为精准的气象预警和病害防控建议。通过优化灌溉、增强树体抗逆性等方法科学合理地调整管理措施,可有效降低斑点落叶病的发生几率和危害程度,为陇东苹果的高产优质创造有利条件。

关键词: 气象因子, 陇东苹果, 斑点落叶病, 发病机理, 相关性分析, 回归模型

Abstract:

This study analyzed the relationship between meteorological conditions and apple leaf fall diseases using observation data (2014-2023) from the Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Ningxian County (a core apple-producing region in Longdong) and meteorological data from Ningxian Meteorological Station. Statistical methods included correlation analysis, multiple regression, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the active period of apple leaf fall diseases in Ningxian occurred from June to October, with the highest severity observed between July and September. The disease onset was closely associated with early-stage rainfall and air humidity, while frequent precipitation and high temperatures were the dominant exacerbating factors. Occasionally, abnormal precipitation delayed disease fluctuations by 5-10 days. The annual maximum disease incidence significantly correlated with winter temperature, early summer temperature, and August-September precipitation/humidity. A multiple regression-based prediction equation was developed, so as to accurately grasp the internal relationship between pathogen activity and weather changes, and provide more accurate meteorological early warning and disease prevention and control suggestions for fruit farmers. Optimizing irrigation and enhancing tree stress resistance can effectively mitigate Alternaria leaf spot severity, thereby improving yield and fruit quality in Longdong apple orchards.

Key words: meteorological factors, Longdong apple, alternaria leaf spot disease, pathogenesis, correlation analysis, regression models