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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (30): 60-69.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0281

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

抗枯萎病甜瓜嫁接砧木筛选及综合评价

王曼曼(), 冯路路, 张惠敏, 闫洪朗, 王康()   

  1. 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所, 江苏南通 226012
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-14 修回日期:2025-08-22 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-04
  • 通讯作者:
    王康,副研究员,硕士,从事甜瓜遗传育种研究。通信地址:226012 南通市崇川区幸福路28号 沿江农科所,Tel:0513-89111852,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    王曼曼,女,1993年出生,河南周口人,助理研究员,硕士,从事甜瓜遗传育种研究。通信地址:226012 南通市崇川区幸福路28号 沿江农科所,Tel:0513-89111851,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    南通市科技计划项目“甜瓜抗枯萎病种质鉴定及新品种选育”(MS2023054); 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所学科建设基金项目“薄皮甜瓜优良嫁接砧木品种的评价与利用”(YJXK〔2023〕101)

Screening and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fusarium Wilt-Resistant Melon Grafting Rootstocks

WANG Manman(), FENG Lulu, ZHANG Huimin, YAN Honglang, WANG Kang()   

  1. Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong, Jiangsu 226012
  • Received:2025-04-14 Revised:2025-08-22 Published:2025-10-25 Online:2025-11-04

摘要:

为探究抗枯萎病砧木对甜瓜综合性状的影响,筛选出具备高嫁接亲和性、良好抗病性以及优良品质的砧木品种,本研究选取‘通甜蜜1号’作为供试甜瓜接穗品种,分别与35份砧木开展嫁接试验。对自根苗以及各砧穗组合进行枯萎病抗性鉴定,同时测定其在苗期和果实成熟期的各项生理指标。运用相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数值分析和聚类分析等多元统计方法,对砧木品种展开综合评价。研究结果显示,35个砧穗组合的嫁接成活率均达到80%以上,在枯萎病抗性方面均呈现出抗病或高抗的特性。植株和果实各项指标的变异系数处于5.45%~19.11%的范围,平均变异系数为13.52%。相关性分析表明,砧穗组合的15个农艺性状之间存在不同程度的相关性。主成分分析结果表明,5个主成分能够解释砧穗组合15个性状87.91%的信息量。主成分和隶属函数排名结果显示,除个别品种的排名顺序存在差异外,两种分析方法的排名基本一致。最终,以两种评价结果的算术平均值作为综合排名,排名前3位的品种分别为‘圣砧一号’、‘津钻’和‘金砧一号’。聚类分析结果显示,35份砧木被划分为3个类群,其中第1类群的18份砧木均为南瓜砧木,综合表现优良,可用于后续砧木的选育和种质创新工作。本研究借助多元统计分析方法对砧木资源进行综合评价,成功筛选出‘圣砧一号’、‘津钻’和‘金砧一号’3个具有高产、优质等综合优势的优良砧木品种,为优质嫁接甜瓜的生产提供了坚实的材料保障。

关键词: 甜瓜, 枯萎病, 嫁接, 砧木, 主成分分析, 隶属函数分析, 综合评价, 品种筛选

Abstract:

The paper aims to investigate the effects of fusarium wilt-resistant rootstocks on the comprehensive traits of melons and to screen for rootstock varieties with high graft compatibility, strong disease resistance, and excellent quality. In this study, the melon scion cultivar ‘Tongtianmi No.1’ was selected as test material, and grafted onto 35 rootstock genotypes. Comparative evaluations were conducted between own-root seedlings and grafted combinations for fusarium wilt resistance, alongside physiological assessments at both seedling and fruit maturation stages. Rootstock screening and comprehensive evaluation were performed using correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), membership function value analysis, and cluster analysis. Results demonstrated that all grafted combinations achieved survival rates exceeding 80%, with fusarium wilt resistance categorized as resistant or highly resistant. Coefficients of variation (CV) for plant and fruit traits ranged from 5.45% to 19.11% (mean CV=13.52%). Correlation analysis revealed varying degrees of associations among 15 agronomic traits. PCA extracted five principal components explaining 87.913% of the total variance across 35 grafted combinations. Both PCA and membership functions ranking results showed high consistency, with minor discrepancies in individual genotypes. A composite ranking based on the arithmetic mean of both methods identified ‘Shengzhen No.1’, ‘Jinzuan’ and ‘Jinzhen No.1’ as the top three performers. Cluster analysis classified the 35 rootstocks into three groups, with group I (18 genotypes, all cucurbita rootstocks) exhibiting superior comprehensive traits, making them ideal candidates for rootstock breeding and germplasm innovation. Through multivariate statistical analysis, three elite rootstock cultivars of ‘Shengzhen No.1’, ‘Jinzuan’, and ‘Jinzhen No.1’ were selected for their combined advantages in high yield and quality, providing robust material support for premium grafted melon production.

Key words: melon, fusarium wilt, grafting, rootstocks, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, comprehensive evaluation, variety screening