园艺作物表观遗传调控研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0485

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (21): 1-9.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0485

• 生物育种前沿共性技术 • 下一篇

园艺作物表观遗传调控研究进展

余钟毓¹^,²(), 杨艳芳¹^,², 蒋甲福¹^,², 王振兴¹^,², 陈发棣¹^,²()

¹ 南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部花卉生物学与种质创制重点实验室/园艺学院，南京 211800
² 生物育种钟山实验室，南京 210014

收稿日期:2025-06-17 修回日期:2025-07-11 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-05
通讯作者:
陈发棣，男，1970年出生，福建三明人，教授，博士，主要从事菊花遗传育种研究。通信地址：211800 江苏省南京市江北新区滨江大道666号南京农业大学24号楼1009，E-mail：chenfd@njau.edu.cn。
作者简介:
余钟毓，男，1995年出生，浙江温州人，博士研究生，研究方向：多倍化调控菊属植物抗病性机制。通信地址：211800 江苏省南京市江北新区滨江大道666号南京农业大学24号楼，E-mail：2019204044@njau.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2300900); 国家自然科学基金(32341048); 中央高校基本业务费(QTPY2024002); 中央高校基本业务费(KJJQ2025010)

Research Advances in Epigenetic Regulation of Horticultural Crops

YU Zhongyu¹^,²(), YANG Yanfang¹^,², JIANG Jiafu¹^,², WANG Zhenxing¹^,², CHEN Fadi¹^,²()

¹ Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization / Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / College of Horticulture, Nanjing 211800
² Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210014

Received:2025-06-17 Revised:2025-07-11 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

表观遗传调控是指在不改变DNA序列的基础上，通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、RNA修饰、染色质重塑以及非编码RNA等机制，对基因表达进行可遗传性调控的过程。表观遗传学为园艺作物的改良提供了额外且灵活的性状变异来源，开创了培育应对气候变化、抗病抗虫和品质提升等新品种的创新途径。本综述对表观遗传修饰的主要类型（如DNA甲基化的CG/CHG/CHH分型、组蛋白乙酰化/甲基化、m6A等RNA修饰及非编码RNA调控等）进行了系统梳理，重点阐述了其在园艺作物营养生长、花器官发育与开花、果实发育及采后品质维持中的调控机制，以及在抗生物胁迫（病害、虫害）和非生物胁迫（低温、干旱、盐碱等）中的作用。同时，汇总了全基因组甲基化测序(WGBS)、CRISPR/dCas9表观编辑系统等表观遗传育种工具的应用进展。研究旨在为深入理解园艺作物性状形成的表观遗传基础提供理论参考，并为表观遗传育种技术在园艺作物改良中的推广应用提供技术支持。

关键词: 表观遗传, 园艺作物, 育种应用, 非编码 RNA, 逆境调控, 全基因甲基化测序(WGBS), CRISPR/dCas9

Abstract:

Epigenetic regulation refers to the heritable control of gene expression without alterations in the DNA sequence, achieved through mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA modification, chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetics provides an additional and flexible source of trait variation for horticultural crop improvement, opening innovative avenues for breeding new varieties capable of addressing challenges like climate change adaptation, disease and pest resistance, and quality enhancement. This review systematically synthesizes current research progress on the epigenetic regulation of key agronomic traits in horticultural crops and summarizes relevant breeding tools and methods developed for their use in horticultural crop breeding. It aims to provide a theoretical reference for further understanding the epigenetic basis of the formation of horticultural crop traits, and provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the promotion and application of epigenetic breeding in horticultural crops.

Key words: epigenetics, horticultural crops, breeding applications, non-coding RNA, stress regulation, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), CRISPR/dCas9

余钟毓, 杨艳芳, 蒋甲福, 王振兴, 陈发棣. 园艺作物表观遗传调控研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(21): 1-9.

YU Zhongyu, YANG Yanfang, JIANG Jiafu, WANG Zhenxing, CHEN Fadi. Research Advances in Epigenetic Regulation of Horticultural Crops[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(21): 1-9.

图/表 1

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园艺作物表观遗传调控研究进展

Research Advances in Epigenetic Regulation of Horticultural Crops

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