国外小麦产量、品质和抗病性相关性状分子标记研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0700

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 7-14.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0700

国外小麦产量、品质和抗病性相关性状分子标记研究进展

罗政辉(), 钮力亚, 邹景伟, 王志, 张玉杰, 赵振杰, 魏晨曦, 于亮, 王奉芝, 王伟伟()

沧州市农林科学院/河北省旱碱麦重点实验室，河北沧州 061001

收稿日期:2025-08-21 修回日期:2025-12-11 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-24
通讯作者:
王伟伟，男，1985年出生，山东临沂人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：小麦遗传育种。通信地址：061001 河北省沧州市运河区九河西路沧州市农林科学院作物遗传育种研究所，E-mail：wangww1002@163.com。
作者简介:
罗政辉，男，1997年出生，黑龙江桦南人，研究实习员，硕士，研究方向：小麦遗传育种。通信地址：061001 河北省沧州市运河区九河西路沧州市农林科学院作物遗传育种研究所，E-mail：13100932213@163.com。
基金资助:
河北省自然科学基金专项“小麦耐盐碱遗传基础解析与分子设计育种”(C2023205050); 国家自然科学基金项目“小麦耐盐碱与产量性状协同调控机制研究和育种应用”(U24A20391)

Foreign Research Progress on Molecular Markers of Wheat Yield, Quality, and Disease Resistance Traits

LUO Zhenghui(), NIU Liya, ZOU Jingwei, WANG Zhi, ZHANG Yujie, ZHAO Zhenjie, WEI Chenxi, YU Liang, WANG Fengzhi, WANG Weiwei()

Cangzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Dryland Wheat, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001

Received:2025-08-21 Revised:2025-12-11 Published:2026-09-25 Online:2026-09-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分子标记技术是继形态、细胞和生化标记之后发展起来的一项重要的遗传标记手段，在解析小麦性状的分子遗传基础方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究系统梳理了近年来国外在小麦产量、品质及抗病性相关性状分子标记方面的研究进展，归纳了与千粒重、粒型和小穗数等产量性状，蛋白质含量、面筋含量和微量元素等品质性状，以及叶锈病、条锈病和赤霉病等抗病性状相关的分子标记定位成果，总结了已鉴定的关键基因/QTL、相应标记类型及其应用现状。在此基础上，分析了当前研究中存在的遗传群体遗传变异不足、遗传图谱精密度有限和微效位点难以鉴定等问题。提出应加强科研单位间有效合作，构建精密遗传图谱，准确评估群体结构和亲缘关系，开展多年多点表型鉴定，并在挖掘主效位点的同时，兼顾对微效位点的研究。本综述旨在为中国小麦的标记辅助育种提供理论参考和技术支撑。

关键词: 小麦, 产量, 品质, 抗病性, 分子标记

Abstract:

Molecular marker technology is an important genetic marker method developed after morphological, cellular and biochemical markers, which plays an important role in analyzing the molecular genetic basis of wheat traits. To systematically review international progress in this area, this paper summarizes recent findings on the mapping of molecular markers linked to yield components (thousand-grain weight, grain shape, spikelet number), quality traits (protein content, gluten content, micronutrients), and disease resistance traits (leaf rust, stripe rust, Fusarium head blight). It also outlines the key genes or QTLs identified, the types of markers used, and their current applications. Based on this, the paper analyzes several challenges in current research, including limited genetic variation within mapping populations, insufficient precision of genetic maps, and difficulties in detecting minor-effect loci. To address these issues, we propose enhancing collaboration among research institutions, constructing high-density genetic maps, accurately assessing population structure and relatedness, conducting multi-year and multi-location phenotyping, and focusing on both major and minor-effect QTLs. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for marker-assisted breeding of wheat in China.

Key words: wheat, yield, quality, disease resistance, molecular marker

中图分类号:

S512.1小麦

罗政辉, 钮力亚, 邹景伟, 王志, 张玉杰, 赵振杰, 魏晨曦, 于亮, 王奉芝, 王伟伟. 国外小麦产量、品质和抗病性相关性状分子标记研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(18): 7-14.

LUO Zhenghui, NIU Liya, ZOU Jingwei, WANG Zhi, ZHANG Yujie, ZHAO Zhenjie, WEI Chenxi, YU Liang, WANG Fengzhi, WANG Weiwei. Foreign Research Progress on Molecular Markers of Wheat Yield, Quality, and Disease Resistance Traits[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(18): 7-14.

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国外小麦产量、品质和抗病性相关性状分子标记研究进展

Foreign Research Progress on Molecular Markers of Wheat Yield, Quality, and Disease Resistance Traits

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