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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 15-24.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0840

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

高寒牧区青饲系列小黑麦品种的籽粒性状与光合特性研究

薛风娟1(), 徐成体1,2,3, 赵媛媛1,2,3, 加羊吉1, 张海英1, 孙浩1, 蒲小剑1,2,3()   

  1. 1 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁 810016
    2 农业农村部西北耕地保育及边际土地改良重点实验室, 青海德令哈 817000
    3 青海省海西州德令哈市001号科技特派员工作站, 青海德令哈 817000
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-02 修回日期:2026-01-11 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-24
  • 通讯作者:
    蒲小剑,男,1990年出生,甘肃天水人,助理研究员,硕士生导师,博士,主要从事牧草栽培与加工利用研究。通信地址:810016 青海省西宁市城北区生物科技园区纬二路1号,Tel:15897087251,E-mail:。
  • 作者简介:

    薛风娟,女,1999年出生,青海西宁人,硕士研究生,主要从事饲草选育与加工利用。通信地址:810016 青海省西宁市城北区生物科技园区纬二路1号,Tel:0971-18697165968,E-mail:。

  • 基金资助:
    青海省海西州重大科技专项“柴达木地区耐盐碱饲草种质资源的评价与土壤有机质提升技术研究”(2023-ZD-H01); 青海省重大科技专项“柴达木盆地盐碱地改良与饲草高效栽培关键技术研究与集成”(2023-NK-A3)

Grain Traits and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Forage Triticale Varieties in Alpine Pastoral Regions

XUE Fengjuan1(), XU Chengti1,2,3, ZHAO Yuanyuan1,2,3, JIA Yangji1, ZHANG Haiying1, SUN Hao1, PU Xiaojian1,2,3()   

  1. 1 Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016
    2 Key Laboratory of Northwest Cultivated Land Conservation and Marginal Land Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Delingha, Qinghai 817000
    3 No.001 Science and Technology Commissioner Workstation, Delingha, Qinghai 817000
  • Received:2025-10-02 Revised:2026-01-11 Published:2026-09-25 Online:2026-09-24

摘要:

旨在筛选高寒牧区的优质青饲小黑麦种质资源,为该区域高产高效青饲小黑麦品种的选育与推广提供理论依据,本研究以5份青饲系列小黑麦品种为供试材料,系统测定其穗长、穗重等籽粒性状,以及叶绿素含量、净光合速率等光合参数;采用单因素方差分析比较不同品种间的指标差异,通过皮尔森相关性分析探讨各指标间的关联性,结合主成分分析降维并提取关键综合指标,最终采用TOPSIS理想解排序法对供试小黑麦品种进行综合评价。结果表明:供试的不同小黑麦品种在籽粒性状与光合特性指标上均存在显著差异(P<0.05);籽粒性状与光合性能间存在密切的协同关系,其中穗长与穗重、穗粒数、单位面积穗重、单位面积粒重及叶绿素含量均呈显著正相关,穗粒重与单位面积穗重、单位面积粒重有显著正相关关系(P<0.05),千粒重与穗长、穗粒数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与气孔导度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);主成分分析提取出2个核心主成分,穗长和千粒重是影响供试品种综合表现的核心指标;TOPSIS法综合排名依次为:‘青饲麦8号’>‘青饲麦7号’>‘青饲麦1号’>‘青饲麦2号’>‘青饲麦3号’。综上,‘青饲麦8号’在籽粒性状及光合效率方面表现突出,是高寒牧区具有推广应用潜力的优选品种,该研究可为青饲小黑麦品种的选育与推广提供理论参考。

关键词: 小黑麦, 籽粒性状, 光合特性, 相关性分析, TOPSIS综合评价

Abstract:

The study aims to screen high-quality forage triticale germplasm resources in alpine pastoral areas, and to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and promotion of high-yield and high-efficiency forage triticale varieties in this area. In this study, five forage triticale varieties were used as test materials, and their grain traits including ear length and ear weight, as well as photosynthetic parameters such as chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate were systematically determined. Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the differences of indexes among different cultivars, Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to explore the correlation between various indexes, and principal component analysis(PCA) was combined for dimensionality reduction and extraction of key comprehensive indexes. Finally, TOPSIS ideal solution ranking method was used to comprehensively evaluate the tested triticale varieties. The results showed that there were significant differences in grain traits and photosynthetic characteristic indexes among all tested triticale cultivars (P<0.05). There was a close synergistic relationship between grain traits and photosynthetic performance. Specifically, ear length was significantly positively correlated with ear weight, grain number per ear, ear weight per unit area, grain weight per unit area and chlorophyll content; grain weight per ear was significantly positively correlated with ear weight per unit area and grain weight per unit area (P<0.05); thousand-grain weight was significantly negatively correlated with panicle length and grain number per panicle (P<0.05), and extremely significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance (P<0.01). Two core components were extracted by PCA, and ear length and thousand-grain weight were identified as the core indexes determining the comprehensive performance of the tested cultivars. The comprehensive ranking of the tested cultivars by TOPSIS was as follows: ‘Qingsimai 8’ > ‘Qingsimai 7’ > ‘Qingsimai 1’ > ‘Qingsimai 2’ > ‘Qingsimai 3’. In conclusion, ‘Qingsimai 8’ presented outstanding performance in both grain traits and photosynthetic efficiency, and is a preferred cultivar with great popularization and application potential in alpine pastoral areas. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the breeding and promotion of forage triticale cultivars.

Key words: triticale, grain traits, photosynthetic characteristics, correlation analysis, TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation

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