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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 33-45.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0112

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米杂交组合光合特性及产量性状分析

李军萍1(), 李建英2, 李军营3(), 刘雅婷4, 周军5, 赵自仙2()   

  1. 1 玉溪农业职业技术学院, 云南玉溪 653100
    2 云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院, 昆明 650201
    3 云南省烟草农业科学研究院, 昆明 650021
    4 云南农业大学烟草学院, 昆明 650201
    5 临沧市植保植检站, 云南临沧 677000
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-23 修回日期:2026-05-15 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-24
  • 通讯作者:
    赵自仙,女,1974年出生,云南姚安人,教授,博士,主要从事玉米品种培育与烟粮协同研究。通信地址:650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区沛源路452号 云南农业大学,E-mail:;
    李军营,男,1978年出生,研究员,博士,研究方向:烟草培育、烟粮协同研究。通信地址:650021云南省昆明市五华区圆通街33号,云南省烟草农业科学研究院,E-mail:。
  • 作者简介:

    李军萍,女,1974年出生,云南楚雄人,副教授,硕士,主要从事作物栽培生理研究。通信地址:653100 云南省玉溪市研合镇向家庄41号 玉溪农业职业技术学院,E-mail:。

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司重大科技项目(“揭榜挂帅”项目)“基于粮烟融合一体化的西南高原生态区绿色防控综合治理技术研究与应用”(110202201025-CLS-09); 中国烟草总公司云南省公司重大科技项目“基于粮烟融合一体化的西南高原生态区绿色防控综合治理技术研究与应用”(2023530000241015)

Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Traits in Maize Hybrid Combinations

LI Junping1(), LI Jianying2, LI Junying3(), LIU Yating4, ZHOU Jun5, ZHAO Zixian2()   

  1. 1 Yuxi Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100
    2 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    3 Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021
    4 College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    5 Plant Protection and Inspection Station of Lincang, Lincang, Yunnan 677000
  • Received:2026-01-23 Revised:2026-05-15 Published:2026-09-25 Online:2026-09-24

摘要:

为筛选光合性状好、高产的玉米杂交组合,明确光合特性与产量性状的关系,为玉米育种提供理论依据。本研究以11份玉米自交系为试验材料,采用NCⅡ(6×5)不完全双列杂交法构建了30个杂交组合,分析了13项光合及产量相关性状。结果表明,叶绿素含量、穗长在不同组合间差异不显著,其余性状均达显著或极显著水平。其中,C23(L5×L10)杂交组合产量最高,为12921.75 kg/hm2,且该组合在9项性状中均居前10位。L5(沾白)、L10(JF)在优良组合中出现频率最高,分别为20.00%、33.08%。各性状变异系数范围为5.66%~72.37%,其中秃尖长变异程度最大,穗粗最稳定。净光合速率与气孔导度(r=0.817**)、蒸腾速率(r=0.753**)呈极显著正相关;籽粒产量与穗长、行粒数、百粒重极显著正相关。本研究明确了玉米的光合性状与产量性状密切相关,L5(沾白)和L10(JF)被确认为具有重要育种价值的优良亲本,通过选育具有大叶面积、高行粒数、大穗、短秃尖等优良性状的材料,将有助于培育出高产的玉米杂交新品种。

关键词: 玉米, 光合特性, 产量性状, 相关系数, 杂交组合, 亲本选配, 穗部性状, 遗传变异

Abstract:

To screen maize hybrid combinations with good photosynthetic traits and high yield, clarify the relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits, and provide a theoretical basis for maize breeding, 11 maize inbred lines were used as materials, and 30 hybrid combinations were prepared by the NCⅡ (6×5) incomplete diallel cross method. 13 photosynthetic and yield-related traits were analyzed. The results showed that there were no significant difference in chlorophyll content and ear length, while the other traits reached significant or highly significant levels. C23 (L5×L10) had the highest yield of 12921.75 kg/hm2, with 9 traits ranking in the top 10. L5 (Zhanbai) and L10 (JF) had the highest occurrence frequencies, at 20.00% and 33.08% respectively. The coefficient of variation for each trait ranged from 5.66% to 72.37%, with the largest variation in bald tip length and the most stable in ear diameter. Net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance (r=0.817**) and transpiration rate (r=0.753**); grain yield was significantly positively correlated with ear length, kernels per row, and 100-kernel weight. Maize photosynthetic traits are closely related to yield traits. L5 (Zhanbai) and L10 (JF) are excellent parents, and it is easy to breed high-yield hybrids by selecting materials with large leaf area, more kernels per row, large ears, and small bald tips.

Key words: maize, photosynthetic characteristics, yield traits, correlation coefficients, hybrid combinations, parent selection, ear traits, genetic variation

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