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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 78-83.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0856

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

2种秋海棠的花粉生活力与贮藏条件研究

吕燕玲(), 陈润泉, 朱妙馨, 蔡长福, 林雅君, 丁友芳()   

  1. 福建省亚热带植物研究所（厦门市园林植物园）/福建省亚热带植物生理生化重点实验室， 福建厦门 361006
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-14 修回日期:2025-12-21 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通讯作者:
    丁友芳，男，1984年出生，山东菏泽人，副研究员，博士，主要从事园林植物育种研究、观赏园艺开发应用和药用植物学研究。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    吕燕玲，女，1988年出生，福建厦门人，高级农艺师，硕士，研究方向为植物引种驯化、杂交育种。通信地址：361001 福建省厦门市思明区虎园路25号 厦门市园林植物园西门，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    厦门市社会发展领域指导性项目“秋海棠属的新优品种选育与园林应用”(3502Z20234ZD4001)

Study on Pollen Viability and Storage Conditions of Two Begonia Species

LYU Yanling(), CHEN Runquan, ZHU Miaoxin, CAI Changfu, LIN Yajun, DING Youfang()   

  1. Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany (Xiamen Botanical Garden)/Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361006
  • Received:2025-10-14 Revised:2025-12-21 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-22

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摘要：

针对秋海棠属杂交育种中花期不遇的关键问题，为明确香花秋海棠(Begonia handelii)和铁甲秋海棠(B. masoniana)花粉活力变化规律及最优贮藏方案，采用离体萌发法，系统探究开花天数（香花秋海棠1~13 d、铁甲秋海棠1~5 d）、干燥方式（25~26℃鼓风干燥箱中烘干3~4.5 h、自然干燥24 h）及贮藏条件（常温22~28℃、4℃、-20℃）对花粉活力的影响。结果表明，香花秋海棠、铁甲秋海棠开花3 d花粉活力最高，分别为87.83%、86.14%。采用烘干法干燥2种秋海棠花粉效果优于自然干燥法。常温贮藏1 d 2种秋海棠花粉活力均达81.49%以上，4℃贮藏90 d 2种秋海棠花粉活力均达62.59%以上，-20℃贮藏30~180 d 2种秋海棠花粉活力均达90.82%以上，贮藏360 d 2种秋海棠花粉活力依然维持在86.03%以上。因此，香花秋海棠和铁甲秋海棠的最优花粉采集期为开花3 d，推荐25~26℃烘干干燥后，采用-20℃低温冷冻贮藏。 本研究结果为秋海棠属杂交育种中花粉利用提供技术支撑，后续可开展超低温贮藏技术研究，为种质资源长期保存奠定基础。

关键词: 香花秋海棠, 铁甲秋海棠, 花粉活力, 干燥, 贮藏

Abstract:

Aiming at the key problem of asynchronous flowering in the hybrid breeding of begonia species, to clarify the variation law of pollen viability and the optimal storage protocol for Begonia handelii and Begonia masoniana, the in vitro germination method was adopted to systematically investigate the effects of flowering days (1-13 d for B. handelii and 1-5 d for B. masoniana), drying methods(oven drying at 25-26℃ for 3-4.5 h and natural air drying for 24 h), and storage conditions (room temperature of 22-28℃, 4℃, and -20℃) on pollen viability. The results showed that pollen viability was highest on the third day after flowering for both begonias, reaching 87.83% for B. handelii and 86.14% for B. masoniana. Oven drying was superior to natural drying for both begonias. Pollen viability reached over 81.49% after one day of storage at room temperature and over 62.59% after 90 days of storage at 4℃. Pollen viability reached over 90.82% for both begonias after 30-180 days of storage at -20℃, and remained above 86.03% after 360 days of storage. Therefore, the optimal pollen collection period for B. handelii and B. masoniana is on the 3rd day after flowering. It is recommended that the pollen be oven-dried at 25-26℃ prior to cryopreservation at -20℃. The results of this study provide technical support for pollen utilization in the hybrid breeding of begonia species. Subsequent research can be carried out on ultra-low temperature storage technology, which will lay a foundation for the long-term preservation of germplasm resources.

Key words: Begonia handelii, Begonia masoniana, pollen viability, drying methods, storage