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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 179-186.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0241

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

乳酸乳球菌的分离鉴定及体外胃肠道耐受性和黏附性研究

张璐1(), 刘雪娇1, 刘翰林1, 张会文2, 程素彩3(), 高玉红1()   

  1. 1 河北农业大学动物科技学院， 河北保定 071000
    2 承德市兽药管理站， 河北承德 067000
    3 廊坊市农林科学院， 河北廊坊 065000
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-02 修回日期:2026-06-15 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-15
  • 通讯作者:
    高玉红，女，1971年出生，河北唐山人，教授，博士，主要从事动物营养与环境控制研究。E-mail：。
    程素彩，女，1971年出生，河北石家庄人，高级畜牧师，主要从事动物科学研究。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张璐，女，1999年出生，河北秦皇岛人，在读硕士，研究方向：动物营养与环境控制。通信地址：067000 河北保定市莲池区南关街道 河北农业大学西校区动物科技学院，Tel：0312-7528470，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河北省自然科学基金“高黏附性牛源乳酸菌筛选及抗金黄色葡萄球菌奶牛乳腺炎的调控机制研究”(C2023204024); 承德市科技计划项目“高效饲用益生菌的筛选鉴定及应用示范”(202404B041); 河北省羊产业体系(HBCT2024250403)

Isolation and Identification of Lactococcus lactis and Its in Vitro Gastrointestinal Tolerance and Adhesion

ZHANG Lu1(), LIU Xuejiao1, LIU Hanlin1, ZHANG Huiwen2, CHENG Sucai3(), GAO Yuhong1()   

  1. 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000
    2 Chengde Veterinary Drug Administration Station, Chengde, Hebei 067000
    3 Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang, Hebei 065000
  • Received:2026-04-02 Revised:2026-06-15 Published:2026-10-15 Online:2026-10-15

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摘要：

随着抗生素禁用的推行，畜禽亚健康问题日益凸显，高效益生菌的筛选已成为破解该行业痛点的核心方向。本研究以奶牛牛乳为样品来源，筛选具有优良胃肠道耐受性和强大黏附能力的乳酸乳球菌。采用MRS-CaCO3培养基对乳酸菌进行分离纯化，通过形态学鉴定、生化试验及16S rDNA分子鉴定，确认分离菌株为乳酸乳球菌。评估菌株在人工胃肠液、不同pH环境及胆盐浓度下的耐受性，并通过测定自凝聚率、疏水率、与致病菌共凝聚率及成膜能力，评价菌株的表面黏附特性。本研究共分离出3株乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis，H1~H3)，其在人工胃液、肠液中3 h的存活率分别高达104.9%~171.0%和99.3%~234.2%，且随着pH(3.0~5.0)的升高，其存活率逐渐升高(P<0.05)。另外，该3株乳酸乳球菌对0.1%~0.3%胆盐浓度展现出一定的耐受性，存活率范围为18.6%~57.5%；同时，菌株对5种常见抗生素（青霉素、强力霉菌素、链霉素、恩诺沙星和红霉素）均表现出敏感性，表明其生物安全性较高。从表面黏附特性分析，菌株H1、H2、H3的自凝聚率分别为17.52%、52.93%、48.47%，疏水性分别为10.40%、56.55%、54.39%，且3株菌与金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的共凝聚率均在78%以上，且均具备较强的成膜能力。综上，本研究分离出的3株乳酸乳球菌均具有较强的胃肠道耐受性，其中菌株H2表现出更为突出的黏附能力，是开发家畜饲用益生菌的理想菌种资源。

关键词: 益生菌, 乳酸乳球菌, 耐受性, 黏附性

Abstract:

With the prohibition of antibiotics, sub-health issues in livestock and poultry production have attracted increasing attention, and the screening of high-performance probiotics has evolved into a key approach to tackle this prominent industrial challenge. In this study, cow milk was used as the sample source to screen Lactococcus lactis strains with excellent gastrointestinal tolerance and strong adhesion ability. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated and purified using MRS-CaCO3 selective medium, and the isolated strains were identified as Lactococcus lactis through morphological observation, biochemical tests and 16S rDNA molecular identification. Subsequently, the gastrointestinal tolerance of Lactococcus lactis was evaluated via tests of resistance to artificial gastrointestinal fluid, acid resistance and bile salt resistance, while the surface adhesion ability of the strains was assessed by determining the auto-aggregation rate, hydrophobicity rate, co-aggregation rate with pathogenic bacteria and biofilm formation ability. The results showed that a total of 3 strains of Lactococcus lactis (H1-H3) were isolated in this study. Their survival rates in artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice for 3 hours were as high as 104.9%-171.0% and 99.3%-234.2%, respectively, and the survival rates gradually increased with the increase of pH (3.0-5.0) (P<0.05). In addition, the three strains exhibited certain bile salt tolerance, with survival rates ranging from 18.6% to 57.5% at bile salt concentrations of 0.1% to 0.3%. Meanwhile, all three strains were sensitive to 5 antibiotics, including enrofloxacin, erythromycin, penicillin, doxycycline and streptomycin, indicating their high biological safety. In terms of surface adhesion characteristics, the auto-aggregation rates of strains H1, H2 and H3 were 17.52%, 52.93% and 48.47%, respectively, and their hydrophobicity rates were 10.40%, 56.55% and 54.39%, respectively. Moreover, the co-aggregation rates of the three strains with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were all above 78%, and all strains showed strong biofilm formation ability. In conclusion, the three isolated Lactococcus lactis strains possess strong gastrointestinal tolerance, among which strain H2 presents more prominent adhesion ability. This strain can provide excellent strain resources for the development and application of feed probiotics for livestock.

Key words: probiotics, Lactococcus lactis, stress tolerance, adhesion properties

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