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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (25): 106-114.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800588

所属专题： 园艺

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同除草剂对蚕豆田间杂草及蚕豆生长和根瘤的影响

杨梅1(), 陈新2, 袁星星2, 鲜东锋1, 余东梅1, 项超1()   

  1. 1四川省农业科学院作物研究所,成都 610066
    2江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-30 修回日期:2019-10-14 出版日期:2020-09-05 发布日期:2020-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 项超
  • 作者简介:杨梅,女,1984年出生,四川泸州人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向作物遗传育种。通信地址：610066 四川省成都市锦江区狮子山路4号 四川省农业科学院作物研究所,E-mail： yangmeitong2012@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系“国家食用豆产业技术体系成都综合试验站”(CARS-08-Z16);四川省育种攻关项目“突破性蔬菜育种材料与方法创新”(2016NYZ0033);四川省创新能力提升工程项目“豆类种质创新与突破性新品种培育”(2016ZYPZ-017)

The Influence of Several Herbicides on Weeds and Broad Bean Growth and Nodules in Field

Yang Mei1(), Chen Xin2, Yuan Xingxing2, Xian Dongfeng1, Yu Dongmei1, Xiang Chao1()   

  1. 1Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066
    2Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2019-08-30 Revised:2019-10-14 Online:2020-09-05 Published:2020-08-18
  • Contact: Xiang Chao

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摘要：

为筛选适于蚕豆田间的高效、安全除草剂,以四川省主栽品种‘成胡15号’为试验材料,选用7种除草剂（2种苗前、5种苗后除草剂）,设人工除草和等量清水喷雾2种对照,调查秋蚕豆田杂草种类,研究不同除草剂对蚕豆田杂草的防除效果、对蚕豆根瘤生长和蚕豆农艺性状及产量等的影响。结果表明：（1）蚕豆田间杂草共13科42种,最主要的是菊科、禾本科、苋科、蓼科和十字花科。（2）33%除草通、960 g/L精异丙甲草胺和15%精喹禾灵+48%灭草松3种处理能有效防治杂草,防效均为3级。（3）施用除草剂和人工除草均会影响蚕豆根瘤生长,15%精喹禾灵和15%精喹禾灵+48%灭草松处理均能提高根瘤鲜重和干重。（4）33%除草通处理增加蚕豆单株粒数效果显著,960 g/L精异丙甲草胺和15%精喹禾灵+48%灭草松2种处理可显著增加蚕豆有效分枝、单株荚数和单株粒数,15%精喹禾灵显著提高蚕豆株高。33%除草通、5%精禾草克和15%精喹禾灵+48%灭草松3种处理表现出显著增产作用。结合草害防效、根瘤生长、蚕豆农艺性状及产量结果,在本试验条件下,秋播蚕豆田除草剂推荐苗前施用33%除草通、苗后采用15%精喹禾灵+48%灭草松混合处理。

关键词: 蚕豆, 除草剂, 杂草, 根瘤, 产量

Abstract:

To screen effective and safe herbicides suitable for using in broad bean field, widely cultivated variety ‘Chenghu No.15’ in Sichuan was used as experiment material and 7 kinds of herbicides including 2 kinds of pre-emergence herbicides and 5 kinds of post-emergence herbicides were selected, and artificial weeding and the water spray were adopted as the 2 controls. Field experiments were conducted to investigate weed species, the effects of herbicides on weeds, root nodule growth, agronomic characters and yield of broad bean. The results showed that: (1) there were 42 species in 13 families of weeds in broad bean field, the main families were Compositae, Gramineae, Amaranthaceae, Polygonaceae and Cruciferae; (2) 33% pendimethalin, 960 g/L spropisochlor and 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl+ 48% bentazone could effectively control weeds, the level of control effect was three; (3) using herbicide and artificial weeding could affect the growth of broad bean nodules, the fresh weight and dry weight of nodules could be promoted by using , 15% precipitachlor and 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl+ 48% bentazone; (4) 33% pendimethalin significantly increased the grain number of per plant, the effective branch, pod number and grain number of per plant were significantly increased by 960 g/L spropisochlor and 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl+ 48% bentazone; the use of 15% precipitachlor could significantly improve the plant height of broad bean; the three treatments of 33% pendimethalin, 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl and 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl+ 48% bentazone showed significant production increase effect. Considering comprehensively the herbicide control effect, nodule growth, agronomic characters and yield, under the experimental conditions aiming at controlling weeds in autumn broad bean field, the application of pre-emergence herbicide 33% pendimethalin and post-emergence herbicide 15% quizalofop-p-ethyl+ 48% fenvalerate are recommended.

Key words: broad bean, herbicide, weeds, nodule, yield

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