云南元谋辣木引种试验初报

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究旨在为明确境外辣木在云南元谋的适应性。对来自埃塞俄比亚、卢旺达、老挝和印度共6份辣木资源，进行了种子发芽和育苗移栽等研究，获得种子发芽率、成苗率，株高、茎粗、冠幅等。结果表明，供试的6份材料发芽率差异极显著，19-1（埃塞俄比亚）发芽率最高达83.33%，19-2（卢旺达）发芽率最低为5.33%；高成苗率的是19-2和19-1，分别为88.57%和85.67%，19-3（老挝）成苗率最低为29.26%；株高、茎粗的生长曲线均为“慢-快-慢”，冠幅生长曲线为“快-慢-快-慢”，其中，对照‘PKM1’株高、冠幅最大，分别为228.8 cm和144.86 cm，19-1茎最粗，直径为42.00 mm；鲜叶产量：CK>19-1>19-2>19-5>19-3>19-4，干叶产量：CK>19-1>19-2>19-5>19-4>19-3；种子产量：CK>19-3>19-5>19-4>19-2。初步得出19-1（埃塞俄比亚）是较好的叶用型种源，19-3（老挝）可作为果用型潜力品种。

关键词: 辣木, 元谋, 种质资源, 引种试验, 苗木性状

Abstract:

In order to determine the adaptability of introduced Moringa in Yuanmou of Yunnan Province, six germplasms of Moringa from Ethiopia, Rwanda, Laos and India were subjected to seed germination and seedling transplanting study. The seed germination rate, seedling rate, plant height, stem diameter and crown width were obtained. The results showed that the difference of germination rate of the tested materials was very significant. The germination rate of sample 19-1 from Ethiopia was the highest of 83.33%, while that of sample 19-2 from Rwanda was the lowest of 5.33%. The high seedling rates were obtained in sample 19-2 and sample 19-1, which were 88.57% and 85.67%, respectively, and the lowest seedling rate was of sample 19-3 from Laos at 29.26%. The growth curve of plant height and stem diameter was ‘slow - fast - slow’, and the growth curve of crown width was ‘fast - slow - fast - slow’. Among the germplasms, the control ‘PKM1’ had the largest plant height and crown width, which were 228.8 cm and 144.86 cm, respectively. Sample 19-1 had the thickest stem diameter of 42.00 mm. The fresh leaf yield was CK>19-1>19-2>19-5>19-3>19-4, the dry leaf yield was CK > 19-1 > 19-2 > 19-5 > 19-4 > 19-3, and the seed yield was CK>19-3>19-5>19-4>19-2. The preliminary evaluation showed that 19-1(from Ethiopia) was a good germplasm for leaf use and 19-3(from Laos) could be a potential variety as fruit type.

Key words: Moringa, Yuanmou, germplasm resource, introduction trial, seedling traits

阮明菊, 王睿, 张慧, 杨钺戈, 曾千春. 云南元谋辣木引种试验初报[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(2): 16-21.

RUAN Mingju, WANG Rui, ZHANG Hui, YANG Yuege, ZENG Qianchun. Preliminary Study on Introduction of Moringa to Yuanmou of Yunnan[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(2): 16-21.

图/表 9

参考文献 25

[1]	盛军主编. 现代辣木生物学[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 2014.
[2]	刘昌芬, 杨焱, 龙继明, 等. 多油辣木植物学性状和农艺性状观测[J]. 热带农业科技, 2006, 29(4):4-5,24.
[3]	GUECARA A P, VARGAS C, SAKURAI H, et al. An antitumor promoter from Moringa oleifera Lam[J]. Mutation research, 1999, 440(2):181-188.
[4]	郭利群, 冯凤兆, 吴琳, 等. 辣木的药用价值及应用研究[J]. 热带农业科学, 2015, 35(6):11-17.
[5]	TSHABALALA T, NCUBE B, MADALA N E, et al. Scribbling the Cat:A Case of the “Miracle” Plant, Moringa oleifera[J]. Plants, 2019, 8(11):510-533. doi: 10.3390/plants8110510 URL
[6]	周伟, 黄志连, 彭芍丹, 等. 辣木的营养价值及其加工展望[J]. 热带作物学报, 2020, 41(10):2090-2098.
[7]	张彦平, 孙雪萌, 陈磊. 辣木籽絮凝活性成分提取及除浊效果研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2020, 46(2):29-32.
[8]	RASHID U, AAWAR F, MOSER B R, et al. Moringa oleifera oil: a possible source of biodiesel[J]. Bioresource technology, 2008, 99(17):8175-8179. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.066 URL
[9]	李嘉, 胡诗羲, 王荣香, 等. 不同辣木种质资源叶片营养元素含量分析[J]. 热带作物学报, 2018, 39(1):34-39.
[10]	杨芙蓉, 齐耀东, 刘海涛, 等. 辣木全球潜在适生区与生态特征[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2020, 42(10):45-54.
[11]	黄丽娜, 程世敏, 赵增贤, 等. 我国辣木产业发展的现状与前景[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2016, 44(7):104-107.
[12]	蒲皆禧. 中国原产辣木栽培年代比引种印度辣木早八百年[J]. 热带农业科技, 2017, 40(3):22-23.
[13]	ZHANG H, TIAN Y, WANG W, et al. Research and development of moringa in China[J]. Acta horticultrae, 2021, 1306(47):363-370.
[14]	DEBELA E, TOLERA A. Nutritive value of botanical fractions of Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala grown in the mid-Rift Valley of southern Ethiopia[J]. Agroforestry systems, 2013, 87(5):1147-1155. doi: 10.1007/s10457-013-9626-9 URL
[15]	王小安, 韦晓霞, 张雅玲, 等. 浅析辣木属(Moringa Adans)13个种的特征及其利用[J]. 东南园艺, 2018, 6(1):25-28.
[16]	罗会英, 韩学琴, 邓红山, 等. 不同种源辣木生长差异性分析[J]. 热带农业科学, 2019, 39(3):16-20.
[17]	刘琳, 熊东红, 张闻多, 等. 元谋干热河谷平沟建园土地治理工程效益及生态风险[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(4):251-258.
[18]	张天翔, 林艺华, 林宗铿, 等. 不同温度对辣木种子萌发、幼苗生长及其生理特性的影响[J]. 热带作物学报, 2017, 38(3):438-443.
[19]	王华宇, 陈丽文, 杨利平, 等. 辣木的种子特性及发芽试验[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2018(9):68-72.
[20]	王丽云, 刘小金, 徐大平, 等. 林木营养生长和生殖生长调控技术研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究, 2019, 32(6):6-12.
[21]	杨德平. 辣木在恩施地区适宜播种期的初步研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2015, 43(29):17-18.
[22]	可芮, 陈晓燕, 郝若诗, 等. 辣木害虫及其防治研究进展[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学), 2016, 31(4):745-750.
[23]	陆斌, 宁德鲁, 杜春花, 等. 云南的辣木引种试验初报[J]. 西部林业科学, 2007, 36(4):20-25.
[24]	唐义. 辣木物候观察及常规性状的研究[D]. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2016.
[25]	林宗铿, 曹明华, 蔡坤秀, 等. 闽南地区辣木生物产量及叶片营养成分测定[J]. 福建热作科技, 2020, 45(3):15-18.

编号	来源地	地理位置	海拔高度/m	年均降水量/mm	日均最高温/℃	日均最低温/℃	种名
19-1	埃塞俄比亚德雷达瓦	9°59'N,41°86'E	1260	420	31	25	M.stenopetala
19-2	卢旺达	1°96'S,30°11'E	1700	762	24	14	M. spp.
19-3	老挝	17°99'N,102°61'E	776	1052	30	20	M.oleifera
19-4	印度	28°69'N,77°09'E	216	915	30	19	M.oleifera
19-5	印度	28°69'N,77°09'E	216	915	30	19	M.concanensis.
CK	云南元谋	25°70'N,101°88'E	898	613.8	24	9	M.oleifera

编号	来源地	地理位置	海拔高度/m	年均降水量/mm	日均最高温/℃	日均最低温/℃	种名
19-1	埃塞俄比亚德雷达瓦	9°59'N,41°86'E	1260	420	31	25	M.stenopetala
19-2	卢旺达	1°96'S,30°11'E	1700	762	24	14	M. spp.
19-3	老挝	17°99'N,102°61'E	776	1052	30	20	M.oleifera
19-4	印度	28°69'N,77°09'E	216	915	30	19	M.oleifera
19-5	印度	28°69'N,77°09'E	216	915	30	19	M.concanensis.
CK	云南元谋	25°70'N,101°88'E	898	613.8	24	9	M.oleifera

编号	播种数/粒	发芽率/%	成苗率/%
19-1	150	83.33±1.76aA	85.67±2.14aA
19-2	300	5.33±0.88dD	88.57±5.95aA
19-3	300	68.33±1.45bB	29.26±0.65cC
19-4	300	66.67±1.20bB	37.49±0.29bcBC
19-5	300	59.33±0.88cC	43.24±0.93bB
CK	300	83.00±1.15aA	29.72±0.21cC

编号	播种数/粒	发芽率/%	成苗率/%
19-1	150	83.33±1.76aA	85.67±2.14aA
19-2	300	5.33±0.88dD	88.57±5.95aA
19-3	300	68.33±1.45bB	29.26±0.65cC
19-4	300	66.67±1.20bB	37.49±0.29bcBC
19-5	300	59.33±0.88cC	43.24±0.93bB
CK	300	83.00±1.15aA	29.72±0.21cC

编号	株高月增长量/cm	茎粗月增长量/mm	冠幅月增长量/cm
19-1	23.16±8.38 bcBC	6.89±2.04aA	24.26±7.44abA
19-2	20.06±7.39 cC	3.12±1.59cB	18.38±8.66bA
19-3	22.83±9.84 bcBC	4.46±1.50bcAB	21.24±8.24abA
19-4	32.47±12.89abABC	4.74±1.58bcAB	19.34±8.58bA
19-5	36.65±13.11 aAB	5.18±1.55abcAB	20.69±8.00abA
CK	38.44±15.76 aA	6.29±2.26abA	27.38±10.55aA