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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (26): 154-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0803

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    

不同池塘经标准化改造后尾水净化效果及水质评价

刘婷燕1(), 王晓飞1, 安树伟2, 顾玲玲2, 许晶3, 郑尧1,4(), 徐钢春1,4   

  1. 1 南京农业大学无锡渔业学院，江苏无锡 214081
    2 苏州市吴江区水产技术推广站，江苏苏州 215200
    3 江苏省无锡环境监测中心，江苏无锡 214028
    4 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心/农业农村部稻渔综合种养生态重点实验室，江苏无锡 214081
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-26 修回日期:2022-12-27 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 郑尧，男，1986年出生，安徽太湖人，副研究员，博士，研究方向：渔业生态环境保护研究。E-mail：zhengy@ffrc.cn。
  • 作者简介:

    刘婷燕，女，1999年出生，江苏苏州人，研究生，研究方向：渔业资源养护与环境保护。通信地址：214081 江苏省无锡市山水西路9号淡水渔业研究中心，Tel：0510-85555796，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目“改性秸秆生物炭表征及尾水处理效果”(2021JBFM19); 国家重点研发计划项目“鱼-菜综合种养关键技术与高效利用模式示范”(2020YFD0900305)

Purification Effect and Water Quality Evaluation of Tail Water after Standardized Transformation of Different Ponds

LIU Tingyan1(), WANG Xiaofei1, AN Shuwei2, GU Lingling2, XU Jing3, ZHENG Yao1,4(), XU Gangchun1,4   

  1. 1 Wuxi Fishery College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081
    2 Wujiang District Aquatic Technology Promotion Station of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200
    3 Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214028
    4 Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081
  • Received:2022-09-26 Revised:2022-12-27 Published-:2023-09-15 Online:2023-09-11

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摘要：

为探究以三级净化技术为基础的池塘标准化改造后各池塘水质处理效果，于2020年4月—2021年3月对苏州地区经池塘标准化改造后的扣蟹和成蟹养殖池塘(T1)、南美白对虾养殖池塘(T2)，鲈鱼养殖池塘(T3)及草鲫混养池塘(T4)的尾水各项指标进行跟踪监测，监测指标包括酸碱度(pH)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、氨氮(NH3-N)，并进行水质评价。结果表明，监测时间内该处理系统对TN、TP、NH3-N、CODMn的去除率分别在-61.78%~22.04%、-85.57%~42.89%、-38.66%~33.72%、-13.44%~12.41%，pH经处理后较为稳定，所有指标均达到SC/T 9101—2007《淡水池塘养殖水排放要求》排放标准。监测周期中T1~T4处理前污染物分别以NH3-N、TP、TP、TN为主，权重值分别为0.3096、0.2810、0.3241、0.2961，处理后污染物分别以NH3-N、TN、TP、TP为主，权重值分别为0.3293、0.3489、0.2829、0.3405。根据模糊综合评价结果，冬季蟹塘由Ⅴ类水转为Ⅰ类水；夏秋季虾塘由Ⅴ类水转为Ⅱ类水；春季鲈鱼塘由Ⅴ类水转为Ⅳ类水；秋冬季草鲫混养塘分别由Ⅴ类水转为Ⅲ类水、Ⅲ类水转为Ⅰ类水。两坝三区尾水处理系统对苏州地区冬季蟹塘、夏秋季虾塘、春季鲈鱼塘及秋冬季草鲫混养塘的养殖尾水净化效果较佳。

关键词: 池塘养殖, 标准化改造, 尾水处理, 权重, 模糊综合评价

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of water quality treatment of ponds after the standardized transformation based on tertiary purification technology, from April 2020 to March 2021, the tail water indicators of the Eriocheir sinensis and adult crab breeding pond (T1), the Litopenaeus vannamei breeding pond (T2), Lateolabrax japonicus breeding pond (T3) and the Ctenopharyngodon idella-Carassius auratus polyculture pond (T4) after the standardization reform in Suzhou area were tracked. Monitoring indicators included pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), permanganate index (CODMn), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and water quality evaluation. The results showed that the removal rate of TN, TP, NH3-N, and CODMn by the treatment system during the monitoring period was -61.78%-22.04%, -85.57%-42.89%, -38.66%-33.72%, -13.44%-12.41%, respectively, the pH was relatively stable after treatment, and all indicators met the "Freshwater Pond Aquaculture Water Discharge Requirements" (SC/T 9101—2007) after three-stage purification treatment. During the monitoring period, the pollutants before T1~T4 treatment were mainly NH3-N, TP, TP, TN, and the weight values were 0.3096, 0.2810, 0.3241, 0.2961. After treatment, the pollutants were mainly NH3-N, TN, TP, TP, with weight values of 0.3293, 0.3489, 0.2829, and 0.3405 respectively. According to the results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, in winter, crab ponds water was converted from Class V to Class I; In summer and autumn, shrimp ponds water was changed from Class V to Class II; in spring, the sea bass pond water was changed from class V to class IV; in autumn and winter, the grass carp polyculture pond water was changed from class V to class III and class III to class I. This study shows that the culture tail water treatment system of the two filter dams and three purification areas has a good effect on the purification of tail water in crab ponds in winter, shrimp ponds in summer and autumn, sea bass ponds in spring and grass crucian polyculture ponds in autumn and winter in Suzhou.

Key words: pond aquaculture, standardized transformation, tail water treatment, weights, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation