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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (28): 99-106.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0345

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

番荔枝根腐病菌分离鉴定、生物学特性分析及药剂筛选

邝瑞彬(), 杨敏, 周陈平, 吴夏明, 魏岳荣()   

  1. 广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室，广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-05 修回日期:2023-06-15 出版日期:2023-10-05 发布日期:2023-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 魏岳荣，男，1972年出生，湖南人，研究员，博士，研究方向：果树育种。通信地址：510640 广州天河区五山大丰二街80号，Tel：020-38765468，E-mail：weid18@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    邝瑞彬，女，1978年出生，广东人，副研究员，博士，研究方向为果树育种。通信地址：510640 广州天河区五山大丰二街80号，Tel：020-38765468，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省农业农村厅项目“以农产品为单元的广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目（优稀水果）”(2023KJ116); 广州市科技局2023年农村科技特派员项目(2023E04J1260); 2023年度乡村振兴战略专项资金（农业科技能力提升）项目（2023工作站02(2023工作站02)

Identification and Biological Characteristics Analysis of the Pathogen Causing Root Rot Disease in Annona squamosa and Fungicides Screening

KUANG Ruibin(), YANG Min, ZHOU Chenping, WU Xiaming, WEI Yuerong()   

  1. Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2023-05-05 Revised:2023-06-15 Published-:2023-10-05 Online:2023-09-25

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摘要：

鉴定分离番荔枝根腐病病原菌，对菌株进行致病性检测和生物学特性分析，并研究9种杀菌剂对根腐病菌株的毒力效果，以期为后续番荔枝根腐病菌致病机理和病害综合防控等研究提供材料与理论基础。本研究结合形态和分子生物学手段，分离并鉴定广东番荔枝主产区根腐病致病真菌，利用活体接种试验测试不同菌株致病力，并分析菌株的生物学特性；通过室内毒力试验筛选效果佳的杀菌药剂。结果表明，所采根腐病株中纯化分离的5个菌株均为镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)，其中SJF1-4为腐皮镰刀菌(F. solani)，SJF5为嗜线虫镰刀菌(F. nematophilic)。SJF3致病性最强，其次为SJF4，然后是SJF2，最低为SJF1和SJF5。菌株生物学特性研究显示，28℃为菌株最佳培养温度条件，致死温度为75℃；5种碳源对菌落生长与蔗糖对照差异不显著，氮源蛋白胨、牛肉膏、硝酸钾与对照硝酸钠差异不显著，尿素、硫酸铵、氯化铵效率则显著低于对照处理。杀菌剂毒力测试结果显示，咪鲜胺、苯甲嘧菌酯和苯醚·甲环唑对病菌生长毒力显著高于其他药剂处理，其EC50分别为0.08、0.86、1.27 mg/L；其次为恶霉灵、春雷喹啉铜和甲嘧甲霜灵，毒力最低为甲霜·锰锌和烯酰吗啉，EC50分别达678.29、1313.92 mg/L。本研究结果可为番荔枝根腐病的综合防控和抗病育种等提供理论依据。

关键词: 番荔枝, 根腐病, 生物学特性, 杀菌剂, 毒力

Abstract:

To identify the pathogen types and biological characteristics of root rot, the pathogen samples were collected from Annona squamosa, and 9 chemical fungicides were tested for their toxicity effects on this disease. This study will provide material and theoretical basis for further research on pathogenic mechanism, and resistance breeding program in A. squamosa. Root rot diseased samples were collected from A. squamosa in Guangdong production fields, and the pathogen was isolated and determined by Koch's rule, with combining methods of morphological observation by optical microscope and molecular identification. The pathogenicity was measured with in vitro inoculation tests, and 9 fungicides were tested for their toxicity effects. The results showed that 5 isolated pathogen strains were identified as Fusarium sp., in which SJF1-4 was F. solani, and SJF5 was F. nematophilic. Based on in vitro tests, strains of SJF3 showed highest pathogenicity, followed with SJF4, then SJF2, and the lowest were SJF1 and SJF5. 28℃ was optima temperature for pathogen growth, and the mycelium lost its vitality after treated at 75℃ for 10 min. No significant difference was observed among different carbon sources compared to the sucrose control. The utilization rates of urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium chloride were significantly lower as nitrogen sources than the control of sodium nitrate, while peptone, beef extract, potassium nitrate showed no significant difference compared to the control. Nine fungicides were selected to detect the toxicity for pathogen strain SJF3. The results of toxicity test showed that all selected fungicides showed inhibition effects on pathogen growth rate. Prochloraz and benazoxystrobin, phenyl ether- methiconazole showed best inhibition effects with the EC50 of 0.08, 0.86 and 1.27 mg/L, respectively. The followings were hymexazol, quinoline-copper and methyl metalaxyl. The lowest toxicity was metalaxyl-mancozeb, and enoylmorpholine, with EC50 of 678.29 and 1313.92 mg/L, respectively. This study laid material and technology base for early prevention and control of root rot disease, and related researches on pathogenic mechanism, and resistance breeding program in A. squamosa.

Key words: Annona squamosa, root rot disease, biological characteristics, fungicides, toxicity