4种植物源杀虫剂对扶桑绵粉蚧毒力及龟纹瓢虫安全评价

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0349

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探索4种植物源农药对入侵害虫扶桑绵粉蚧的毒力，评价其对龟纹瓢虫卵及成虫的安全性，为扶桑绵粉蚧的绿色防控提供理想药剂和理论依据。采用喷雾法测定4种植物源杀虫剂对3龄扶桑绵粉蚧的毒力和龟纹瓢虫卵的孵化率影响，采用滤纸接触法测定2种对扶桑绵粉蚧高效的植物源杀虫剂对天敌龟纹瓢虫成虫的毒力，并评价其对龟纹瓢虫的安全性。结果表明：4种植物源杀虫剂处理扶桑绵粉蚧3龄幼虫24 h后的毒力由高到低依次为1.3%苦参碱AS（LC₅₀为81.2831 mg/L）>0.5%藜芦碱SL（LC₅₀为112.8811 mg/L）>2.5%鱼藤酮EC（LC₅₀为208.9296 mg/L）>5%桉精油SL（LC₅₀为343.0920 mg/L）；与化学对照药剂22.4%螺虫乙酯EC相比，相对毒力指数由高到低依次为1.3%苦参碱AS(3.3025)>0.5%藜芦碱SL(2.3780)>2.5%鱼藤酮EC(1.2048)>5%桉精油SL(0.7824)；几种杀虫剂的田间最大推荐剂量和对扶桑绵粉蚧的LC₅₀剂量处理龟纹瓢虫卵后，孵化率差异不显著；苦参碱AS和藜芦碱SL对龟纹瓢虫成虫的LC₅₀高于对扶桑绵粉蚧的LC₅₀；结合益害毒性比和安全系数，2种药剂对龟纹瓢虫卵和成虫安全。该实验筛选出1.3%苦参碱AS和0.5%藜芦碱SL对扶桑绵粉蚧有明显的控害作用，且对龟纹瓢虫卵和成虫的毒性较小、安全性较高，可作为扶桑绵粉蚧的绿色防控的理想药剂。

关键词: 植物源杀虫剂, 扶桑绵粉蚧, 龟纹瓢虫, 毒力, 安全性评价

Abstract:

The study explored the toxicity of 4 botanical insecticides to the invasive pest Phenacoccus solenopsis, and evaluated their safety to the eggs and adults of Propylaea japonica, aiming to provide ideal agents and a theoretical basis for the green control of Phenacoccus solenopsis. The toxicity of the 4 botanical insecticides to the 3rd instar larvae of Phenacoccus solenopsis and the eggs hatching rate of Propylaea japonica was determined by spray method. The toxicity of 2 kinds of highly effective botanical insecticides against adults of Propylaea japonica was tested by the filter paper contact method. The result showed that the toxicity of the 4 botanical insecticides to the 3rd instar larvae of Phenacoccus solenopsis treated for 24 hours was as follows, matrine1.3% AS (LC₅₀ 81.2831 mg/L) > veratrine 0.5% SL (LC₅₀112.8811 mg/L) > rotenone 2.5% EC (LC₅₀ 208.9296 mg/L) > cineole 5% SL (LC₅₀343.0920 mg/L). Compared with the chemical control agent of 22.4% spirochete ethyl ester EC, the relative toxicity index was matrine1.3% AS(3.3025) > veratrine 0.5% SL (2.3780) > rotenone 2.5% EC (1.2048) > cineole 5% SL (0.7824). There was no significant difference of hatching rate between the maximum recommended dose of the insecticides in field and the LC₅₀ dose to Phenacoccus solenopsis. The LC₅₀ of matrine AS and veratrine SL to the adults of Propylaea japonica was higher than that to Phenacoccus solenopsis. Combining the benefit toxicity ratio with safety factor, the two insecticides were safe for eggs and adults of ladybug. The experiment screened out matrine 1.3% AS and veratrine 0.5% SL, which had high toxicity to Phenacoccus solenopsis and low ecological risk against Propylaea japonica, so the two insecticides are recommended as ideal agents to control Phenacoccus solenopsis.

Key words: botanical insecticides, Phenacoccus solenopsis, Propylaea japonica, toxicity, safety evaluation

吴珍平, 吴洁, 杨兆光, 赵沛, 乔艳艳. 4种植物源杀虫剂对扶桑绵粉蚧毒力及龟纹瓢虫安全评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(12): 111-115.

WU Zhenping, WU Jie, YANG Zhaoguang, ZHAO Pei, QIAO Yanyan. Toxicity of Four Botanical Insecticides to Phenacoccus solenopsis and Safety Evaluation to Predator Propylaea japonica[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(12): 111-115.

图/表 4

参考文献 21

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杀虫剂	处理扶桑绵粉蚧浓度梯度/(mg/L)
1.3%苦参碱水剂	13	26	52	104	156	208
0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂	20	40	80	160	320	-
2.5%鱼藤酮乳油	25	50	100	200	400	800
5%桉油精可溶液剂	100	200	400	800	1200	1600
22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂	112	148	224	448	896	1792

杀虫剂	处理扶桑绵粉蚧浓度梯度/(mg/L)
1.3%苦参碱水剂	13	26	52	104	156	208
0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂	20	40	80	160	320	-
2.5%鱼藤酮乳油	25	50	100	200	400	800
5%桉油精可溶液剂	100	200	400	800	1200	1600
22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂	112	148	224	448	896	1792

杀虫剂	毒力回归方程	LC₅₀值（95%置信限）/(mg/L)	R²	标准误	卡方值χ²	毒力指数
1.3%苦参碱水剂	y=2.048x+1.0843	81.2831(70.2679~94.0249)	0.9657	0.0323	5.6521	3.3025
2.5%鱼藤酮乳油	y=1.4579x+1.6054	208.9296(148.9361~393.0893)	0.9920	0.0754	1.1061	1.2848
0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂	y=2.0125x+0.8691	112.8811(90.9568~140.0897)	0.9951	0.0478	0.9520	2.3780
5%桉油精可溶液剂	y=1.9994x-0.6393	343.0920(214.4338~548.9440)	0.9591	0.1041	6.4672	0.7824
22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂	y=2.1738x-0.2833	268.4290(220.9044~328.6127)	0.9202	0.0442	14.4874	1.0000

杀虫剂	毒力回归方程	LC₅₀值（95%置信限）/(mg/L)	R²	标准误	卡方值χ²	毒力指数
1.3%苦参碱水剂	y=2.048x+1.0843	81.2831(70.2679~94.0249)	0.9657	0.0323	5.6521	3.3025
2.5%鱼藤酮乳油	y=1.4579x+1.6054	208.9296(148.9361~393.0893)	0.9920	0.0754	1.1061	1.2848
0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂	y=2.0125x+0.8691	112.8811(90.9568~140.0897)	0.9951	0.0478	0.9520	2.3780
5%桉油精可溶液剂	y=1.9994x-0.6393	343.0920(214.4338~548.9440)	0.9591	0.1041	6.4672	0.7824
22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂	y=2.1738x-0.2833	268.4290(220.9044~328.6127)	0.9202	0.0442	14.4874	1.0000

杀虫剂	毒力回归方程	LC₅₀值（95%置信限）/(mg/L)	标准误	R²	田间推荐剂量/(mg/L)	安全系数	益害毒性比
1.3%苦参碱水剂	y=1.9741x+0.9998	106.253(66.0292~170.9803)	0.1054	0.9897	16.25~26	4.09~6.54	1.3072
0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂	y=1.9067x+0.2212	320.8631(244.3480~421.3382)	0.0603	0.9687	20~23.35	13.74~16.04	2.8425