‘紫加1号’花色苷提取工艺及抗氧化活性分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0108

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在优化‘紫加1号’嫩茎叶花色苷提取工艺，并探讨其体外抗氧化活性。采用溶剂浸提法提取‘紫加1号’嫩茎叶花色苷，通过单因素试验和正交试验，分析浸提时间、浸提温度、料液比、乙醇浓度和提取次数对花色苷提取率的影响，确定提取‘紫加1号’花色苷的最佳工艺。通过水杨酸法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和DPPH法对‘紫加1号’花色苷的体外抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明，花色苷最佳提取工艺为浸提温度50℃、浸提时间2.5 h、料液比为1:100 g/mL、乙醇浓度为55%、提取2次，此条件下得率为62.34 mg/100g，接近实际值56.23 mg/100g，说明结果准确可靠。同时，‘紫加1号’花色苷对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧基自由基(O₂^-·)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH)有明显的清除作用，半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)依次为0.488 mg/mL、0.764 mg/mL和0.032 mg/mL。该法能够有效提取‘紫加1号’嫩茎叶花色苷，且获得的花色苷具有明显的体外抗氧化活性。

关键词: 紫加1号, 嫩茎叶, 花色苷, 溶剂浸提, 抗氧化活性

Abstract:

This study aims to optimize the extraction process of anthocyanins in ‘Zijia No.1’ and to discuss their antioxidant activities in vitro. The solvent extraction method was used to extract anthocyanins from tender stems and leaves of ‘Zijia No.1’. The effects of extraction time, temperature, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration and the number of extraction times on the extraction rate of anthocyanins were analyzed by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and then the optimal extraction process of anthocyanins in ‘Zijia No.1’ was obtained. The antioxidant activities of anthocyanins in ‘Zijia No.1’ were measured by the method of salicylic acid, autoxidation of pyrogallol and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). The results showed that the optimal extraction process was as follows: 50℃ of extraction temperature, 2.5 h of extraction time, 1:100 g/mL of solid-liquid ratio, 55% of ethanol and two times of extraction. Under this process, the extraction rate was 62.34 mg/100 g, which was close to the actual concentration of 56.23 mg/100 g, suggesting that the result was accurate and reliable. The anthocyanins in ‘Zijia No.1’ had obvious scavenging activities against hydroxyl free radical (·OH), superoxide free radical (O₂^-·) and DPPH free radical, and the half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was 0.488 mg/mL, 0.764 mg/mL and 0.032 mg/mL, respectively. This method could effectively extract anthocyanins from tender stems and leaves of ‘Zijia No.1’ and the obtained anthocyanins demonstrate obvious antioxidant activity in vitro.

Key words: Zijia No.1, tender stems and leaves, anthocyanins, solvent extraction, antioxidant activity

周锦燕, 张芸, 刘良燕, 阮流洋, 张慧, 曾千春. ‘紫加1号’花色苷提取工艺及抗氧化活性分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(3): 133-140.

ZHOU Jinyan, ZHANG Yun, LIU Liangyan, RUAN Liuyang, ZHANG Hui, ZENG Qianchun. Anthocyanins in ‘Zijia No.1’: Extraction Process and Antioxidant Activity Analysis[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(3): 133-140.

图/表 10

参考文献 30

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变量	水平
变量	1	2	3
浸提时间/h	2	2.5	3
浸提温度/℃	40	45	50
料液比/(g/mL)	1:90	1:100	1:110
乙醇浓度/%	45	55	65
提取次数/次	2	3	4

变量	水平
变量	1	2	3
浸提时间/h	2	2.5	3
浸提温度/℃	40	45	50
料液比/(g/mL)	1:90	1:100	1:110
乙醇浓度/%	45	55	65
提取次数/次	2	3	4

编号	参数水平					提取率/(mg/100g)
编号	A	B	C	D	E	提取率/(mg/100g)
1	2	2	2	2	1	54.75
2	2	1	3	1	3	35.85
3	1	2	3	1	2	35.37
4	3	3	3	3	1	47.98
5	1	1	1	1	1	42.04
6	1	1	2	3	1	54.83
7	3	1	2	1	3	41.34
8	1	3	1	2	3	37.85
9	1	3	2	1	2	54.28
10	2	3	1	1	1	55.14
11	3	1	1	2	2	52.96
12	2	1	1	3	2	56.23
13	1	1	3	2	1	55.04
14	3	2	1	1	1	42.20
15	1	1	1	1	1	46.22
16	1	2	1	3	3	38.88
K₁	364.51	384.51	352.44	371.52	398.20	…
编号	参数水平					提取率/(mg/100g)
编号	A	B	C	D	E	提取率/(mg/100g)
K₂	201.97	171.2	200.60	205.20	198.84	…
K₃	184.48	195.25	197.92	174.24	153.92	…
最佳水平	A₂	B₃	C₂	D₂	E₁	…
R	4.93	6.01	6.10	7.74	11.29	…
顺序	E>D>C>B>A

编号	参数水平					提取率/(mg/100g)
编号	A	B	C	D	E	提取率/(mg/100g)
1	2	2	2	2	1	54.75
2	2	1	3	1	3	35.85
3	1	2	3	1	2	35.37
4	3	3	3	3	1	47.98
5	1	1	1	1	1	42.04
6	1	1	2	3	1	54.83
7	3	1	2	1	3	41.34
8	1	3	1	2	3	37.85
9	1	3	2	1	2	54.28
10	2	3	1	1	1	55.14
11	3	1	1	2	2	52.96
12	2	1	1	3	2	56.23
13	1	1	3	2	1	55.04
14	3	2	1	1	1	42.20
15	1	1	1	1	1	46.22
16	1	2	1	3	3	38.88
K₁	364.51	384.51	352.44	371.52	398.20	…
编号	参数水平					提取率/(mg/100g)
编号	A	B	C	D	E	提取率/(mg/100g)
K₂	201.97	171.2	200.60	205.20	198.84	…
K₃	184.48	195.25	197.92	174.24	153.92	…
最佳水平	A₂	B₃	C₂	D₂	E₁	…
R	4.93	6.01	6.10	7.74	11.29	…
顺序	E>D>C>B>A