四川盆地紫色土中丰富及稀有细菌的分布特征与动态变化

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1001

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (35): 94-102.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1001

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

四川盆地紫色土中丰富及稀有细菌的分布特征与动态变化

盛妮¹(), 程建华¹^,²(), 孙志祥², 唐翔宇¹^,²

¹ 浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院，省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室，杭州 311300
² 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所，山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室，成都 610041

收稿日期:2022-11-28 修回日期:2023-01-23 出版日期:2023-12-11 发布日期:2023-12-11
通讯作者:
程建华，男，1990年出生，浙江衢州人，讲师，博士，研究方向：土壤学。通信地址：311300 浙江省杭州市临安区锦城街道武肃街666号浙江农林大学东湖校区林业与生物技术学院，E-mail：chengjh@zafu.edu.cn。
作者简介:
盛妮，女，1998年出生，浙江金华人，硕士研究生，研究方向：土壤微生物学。通信地址：311300 浙江省杭州市临安区锦城街道武肃街666号浙江农林大学东湖校区林业与生物技术学院，E-mail：shengni@stu.zafu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“丘陵小流域河流抗生素抗性基因的输出特征和来源解析”(42007361); 浙江农林大学校科研发展基金“冰川退缩区土壤抗生素抗性组赋存特征研究”(2020FR040); “旱地农田土壤抗生素及抗性基因的环境行为与归趋特征”(2021LFR045); 浙江省自然科学基金项目“旱地农田土壤抗生素和抗性基因的污染形成机制、水力迁移行为及其主控因子研究”(LD21D010001)

Distribution Characteristics and Dynamics of Abundant and Rare Bacteria in Purple Soil of the Sichuan Basin

SHENG Ni¹(), CHENG Jianhua¹^,²(), SUN Zhixiang², TANG Xiangyu¹^,²

¹ State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300
² Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041

Received:2022-11-28 Revised:2023-01-23 Published-:2023-12-11 Online:2023-12-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤微生物群落由少数丰富类群和多数稀有类群组成，揭示丰富和稀有细菌的分布特征和动态变化对于理解土壤生态系统至关重要。本研究以旱地紫色土为研究对象，以猪粪和鸡粪为有机肥的外源，进行为期100 d的培养试验，并设计5个采样时间点，采用高通量测序技术，对不施肥对照处理(CK)，施加猪粪处理(PMS)，施加鸡粪处理(CMS)紫色土中细菌群落进行分析。结果表明：稀有细菌的数量、分类群以及α多样性指数高于丰富细菌，说明两者的分布组成存在差异。丰富和稀有细菌群落结构具有相似的动态变化，施用猪粪对微生物群落结构的影响异于未施肥和施鸡粪处理。共现网络分析显示稀有细菌的拓扑特性显著高于其他类群，但少数丰富细菌占据了网络的中心节点。条件稀有或丰富细菌具有高度中介中心性，表明其在群落动态变化中存在一定贡献。研究结果有助于理解施用粪肥土壤中细菌群落的动态变化及其生态网络。

关键词: 紫色土, 丰富细菌, 稀有细菌, 时间动态, 网络分析

Abstract:

Soil microbial community is composed of a few abundant taxa and most rare taxa, and revealing the distribution characteristics and dynamic changes of abundant and rare bacteria is essential for understanding soil ecosystem. In this study, the purple soil of dryland was subjected to a 100-day incubation experiment with pig manure and chicken manure as the external source of organic fertilizer, and five sampling time points were designed to analyze the bacterial communities in the purple soil of no fertilizer control treatment (CK), pig manure application treatment (PMS) and chicken manure application treatment (CMS) by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the number, taxa and α diversity index of rare bacteria were higher than those of abundant bacteria, indicating that the distribution composition of the two bacteria was different. The dynamic changes of abundant and rare bacterial community structure were similar, and the effects of pig manure application on microbial community structure were different from those of unfertilized and chicken manure treatments. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that the topological characteristics of rare bacteria were significantly higher than other groups, but a few abundant bacteria occupied the central nodes of the network. Condition rare and abundant taxa had high betweeness centrality, indicating their contribution in the community dynamics. The results of this study are helpful to understand the dynamic changes of bacterial community and their ecological network in the soil applied with manure.

Key words: purple soil, abundant bacteria, rare bacteria, time dynamics, network analysis

盛妮, 程建华, 孙志祥, 唐翔宇. 四川盆地紫色土中丰富及稀有细菌的分布特征与动态变化[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(35): 94-102.

SHENG Ni, CHENG Jianhua, SUN Zhixiang, TANG Xiangyu. Distribution Characteristics and Dynamics of Abundant and Rare Bacteria in Purple Soil of the Sichuan Basin[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(35): 94-102.

图/表 7

图1. 不同粪肥处理中丰富类群和稀有类群的数量和平均相对丰度

图2. 丰富类群(a)和稀有类群(b)中细菌群落（门水平）的相对丰度图中仅列出了丰度前九的菌门类名称，其余菌门被归为Others

图3. 不同粪肥处理土壤中细菌群落α多样性的时间变化 (a) Shannon指数：描述个体物种的无序和不确定性，香农指数越大，多样性程度越高；(b) Simpson指数：描述从一个群落种连续两次抽样所得到的个体数属于同一种的概率，辛普森指数越大，多样性程度越高；(c) Chao1和(d) Ace指数：度量物种丰富度的指标，其值越高代表群落物种越丰富

图4. 不同培养时间紫色土中丰富细菌(a)和稀有细菌(b)的主坐标分析

图5. 不同粪肥处理土壤和粪便中丰富(a)和稀有细菌(b)（门水平）相对丰度的时间变化

图6. 基于Spearman相关系数的各亚群落共现网络图 AR：始终稀有类群；CRAT：条件稀有或丰富类群；MT：中等类群；AA：始终丰富类群。网络中的节点按照不同类群着色，每个节点的大小与OTUs在网络中的度成比例（r>0.8以及P<0.01）。。

图7. 网络共现图中4个类群的拓扑性质（a）度；（b）中介中心性；（c）接近中心性；（d）特征向量中心性。“**”、“***”和“****”表示两组间差异显著（P<0.01、0.001和0.0001）

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四川盆地紫色土中丰富及稀有细菌的分布特征与动态变化

Distribution Characteristics and Dynamics of Abundant and Rare Bacteria in Purple Soil of the Sichuan Basin

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