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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (20): 1-8.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0627

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

不同轮作模式对优质食味稻米品质的影响及氮肥调控效应

宋云生(), 顾俊荣, 金梅娟, 曹鹏辉, 于雅洁, 袁彩勇, 董明辉()   

  1. 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所,江苏苏州 215106
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-04 修回日期:2023-12-05 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-07-11
  • 通讯作者:
    董明辉,男,1970年出生,江苏高邮人,研究员,博士,主要从事作物栽培与生理方面的研究。通信地址:215106 江苏省苏州市吴中区东山大道2351号 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所,Tel:0512-66706615,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    宋云生,男,1983年出生,江苏东海人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事水稻优质高产栽培技术研究。通信地址:215106 江苏省苏州市吴中区东山大道2351号 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所,Tel:0512-66706615,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省重点研发项目“稻-羊肚菌周年绿色轮作增效关键技术研发”(BE2021315); 江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目“抗稻瘟病外观透明优质食味早熟晚粳稻新品种培育”(JBGS[2021]039); 江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目“抗稻瘟病外观透明优质食味早熟晚粳稻新品种培育”(1102); 江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2023]109)

Impact of Different Crop Rotation Patterns on Quality of Premium-tasting Japonica Rice and Regulatory Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization

SONG Yunsheng(), GU Junrong, JIN Meijuan, CAO Penghui, YU Yajie, YUAN Caiyong, DONG Minghui()   

  1. Taihu Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215106
  • Received:2023-09-04 Revised:2023-12-05 Published:2024-07-15 Online:2024-07-11

摘要:

旨在探讨不同轮作模式与氮肥运筹对优质食味粳稻稻米品质的影响。试验采用了稻-麦、稻-紫云英和稻-羊肚菌3种轮作模式,设置了减氮10%和常规施用量2种氮肥用量水平,按照基蘖肥:穗肥比例设置了4种氮肥比例处理。结果表明,稻-羊肚菌轮作模式、减氮10%的施肥量以及6:4的氮肥比例策略对于优化稻米的加工品质和外观品质最为有利,其糙米率、精米率和整精米率分别达到85.17%、80.38%和72.60%,垩白粒率、垩白大小和垩白度分别为7.33%、18.17%和1.33%。而在蒸煮食味与营养品质方面,稻-紫云英模式结合减氮10%的氮肥用量和基蘖肥:穗肥比例为6:4的氮肥运筹策略表现出最佳的效果,其直链淀粉含量、胶稠度和蛋白质含量分别为13.68%、83.94 mm和6.65 g/100g;稻-羊肚菌模式与减氮10%和基蘖肥:穗肥比例为6:4的组合,直链淀粉含量、胶稠度和蛋白质含量分别为12.41%、85.14 mm和6.23 g/100g,也是一个相对较好的组合。在RVA谱特征值分析中,稻-紫云英模式和稻-羊肚菌模式,在减氮10%、基蘖肥:穗肥比例6:4处理时表现出较高峰值黏度、热浆黏度和崩解值。本研究证实,通过合理的轮作模式和氮肥管理策略,可以有效地调控优质食味粳稻的稻米品质,稻-羊肚菌和稻-紫云英轮作模式在减氮10%以及6:4的氮肥比例策略下,对稻米的加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味与营养品质及RVA谱特征值都有积极影响。

关键词: 轮作模式, 氮肥运筹, 稻米品质, 优质食味粳稻, RVA谱特征值

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different crop rotation patterns and nitrogen fertilizer strategies on the quality of premium-tasting japonica rice. Experiments were conducted by using three crop rotation patterns, including rice-wheat, rice-milk vetch, and rice-morchella. Two nitrogen fertilizer levels were set, including 10% reduction and the regular application rate. Additionally, four nitrogen fertilizer ratios were set based on the base tiller fertilizer to panicle fertilizer ratio. The results indicated that the rice-morchella rotation pattern, combined with 10% reduction in fertilizer application and 6:4 nitrogen fertilizer strategies, was most effective in optimizing the processing and appearance quality of rice. The brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and heading rice rate reached 85.17%, 80.38%, and 72.60%, respectively. The chalky grain rate, chalky size, and chalkiness were 7.33%, 18.17%, and 1.33%, respectively. In terms of cooking taste and nutritional quality, the rice-milk vetch rotation combined with 10% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer and 6:4 nitrogen fertilizer ratio was the best, and the amylose content, gel consistency, and protein content were 13.68%, 83.94 mm, and 6.65 g/100g, respectively. The rice-morchella rotation, with 10% reduction and 6:4 fertilizer ratio, amylose content, gel consistency, and protein content were 12.41%, 85.14 mm, and 6.23 g/100 g, respectively, which was a relatively better combination. RVA spectrum analysis revealed that both the rice-milk vetch and rice-morchella rotations demonstrated elevated peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, and breakdown values under 10% reduction and 6:4 ratio. In conclusion, the study confirmed that the quality of premium-tasting japonica rice could be effectively enhanced through reasonable crop rotation and nitrogen fertilizer management strategy. The rice-morchella and rice-milk vetch rotations had positive effects on the processing quality, appearance, cooking taste, nutritional attributes, and RVA spectrum values of rice when subjected to 10% nitrogen reduction and 6:4 fertilizer strategies.

Key words: crop rotation patterns, nitrogen fertilizer strategies, rice quality, premium-tasting japonica rice, RVA spectrum characteristics