微生物有机肥用量对多花黄精光合特性及农艺性状的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究多花黄精栽培过程中对肥料的需求情况，设置4个处理组，分别施用100、125、150、175 g/株生物有机肥作为基肥，并在每年4月出苗及11月倒苗后分别追肥75、100、125、150 g/株，3年后测定不同处理组多花黄精的气体交换、叶绿素荧光、光合色素含量及农艺特征。结果表明，多花黄精不同肥料处理组的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度日变化都呈“双峰”曲线，光合作用主要受气孔因子限制，日均净光合速率表现为100 g组>75 g组>125 g组>150 g组；叶绿素荧光参数值中ΦPSⅡ、ETR、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、qP和qN都是100 g组的最高。100 g组的多花黄精叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素的含量均高于其他3组。比叶重、块茎干重也以100 g处理组的最高。多花黄精不耐高剂量肥料，建议种植多花黄精施用微生物有机肥基肥125 g/株、追肥100 g/株。

关键词: 多花黄精, 微生物有机肥, 气体交换, 叶绿素荧光, 光合色素含量, 农艺性状

Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the demand of biological organic fertilizer for Polygonatum cyrtonema during cultivation. Four treatments were set up, with 100, 125, 150, and 175 g/plant of bio-logical organic fertilizer being applied as base fertilizer, respectively. After the seedlings emerge in April and replanting in November each year, 75, 100, 125 and 150 g/plant of bio-organic fertilizer were applied respectively. Three years later, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic pigment content and morphological characteristics of P. cyrtonema in different treatment groups were measured. The results showed that the daily changes of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of P. cyrtonema showed a “bimodal” curve, and photosynthesis was mainly limited by stomatal factors. The average daily net photosynthetic rate showed: 100 g group> 75 g group> 125 g group> 150 g group. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values ΦPSⅡ, ETR, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, qP and qN were all the highest in the 100 g group. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the 100 g group were higher than those in the other three groups. Specific leaf weight and tuber dry weight were also highest in the 100 g group. P. cyrtonema do not tolerate high doses of fertilizers. It is recommended that planting P. cyrtonema can be applied with base fertilizer 125 g/plant, and follow-up fertilizer 100 g/plant.

Key words: Polygonatum cyrtonema, bio-organic fertilizer, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigment content, agronomic trait

全碧玉, 贺安娜, 苏蕾, 李胜华, 李昌灵. 微生物有机肥用量对多花黄精光合特性及农艺性状的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(34): 94-99.

QUAN Biyu, HE Anna, SU Lei, LI Shenghua, LI Changling. Effects of Application Amount of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Agronomic Trait and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(34): 94-99.

图/表 5

参考文献 29

[1]	国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典:一部[M]. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社,2020:319.
[2]	LI L, THAKUR K, LIAO B Y, et al. Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.[J]. International journal of biological macromolecules, 2018, 114(15):317-323.
[3]	梁永富, 易家宁, 王康才, 等. 遮阴对多花黄精生长及光合特性的影响[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2019, 44(1):59-67.
[4]	童龙, 张磊, 刘小明, 等. 遮阴对多花黄精光合特性的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2020, 48(9):76-79.
[5]	贺安娜, 郭圣军, 刘湘韩, 等. 林下栽培多花黄精的形态及光合特性比较[J]. 湖南生态科学学报, 2021, 8(4):8-14.
[6]	贺安娜, 伍贤进, 李胜华, 等. 不同光境下多花黄精光合特性及形态结构比较[J]. 衡阳师范学院学报(自然科学), 2021, 42(3):55-60.
[7]	宇万太, 赵鑫, 张璐, 等. 长期施肥对作物产量的贡献[J]. 生态学杂志, 2007(12):2040-2044.
[8]	GUO X L, LI S S, WANG D L, et al. Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the physiological characteristics and growth of rabbiteye blueberry[J]. Plos one, 2021, 16(7):e0254013.
[9]	刘小刚, 孙光照, 彭有亮, 等. 水肥耦合对芒果光合特性和产量及水肥利用的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(16):125-133.
[10]	李潘亭, 杜满义, 王玥, 等. 元宝枫幼苗生长及光合特性对水肥耦合的响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 48(5):113-122. doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302008
[11]	郭永利. 微生物肥料的研究进展及应用现状[J]. 陕西农业科学, 2012, 58(4):134-136.
[12]	许景钢, 孙涛, 李嵩. 我国微生物肥料的研发及其在农业生产中的应用[J]. 作物杂志, 2016(1):1-6.
[13]	KIFAYAUTUAH K, TRAN D X, ZUBAIR N, et al. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on growth, yield, and grain quality of rice[J]. Agriculture, 2020, 10(11).
[14]	OYETUNJI O, BOLAN N, HANCOCK G. A comprehensive review on enhancing nutrient use efficiency and productivity of broadacre (arable) crops with the combined utilization of compost and fertilizers[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2022,317:115395.
[15]	丁玉萍, 马涛, 杨永森, 等. 有机肥替代部分化肥对土壤养分和马铃薯块茎品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(19):76-85. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0598
[16]	吴腾飞, 邓婷, 李泽钰, 等. 有机替代配方肥对水稻养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(17):1-7. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0568
[17]	逯莉, 常晖, 介磊, 等. 不同肥料对黄精药材品质的影响分析[J]. 陕西农业科学, 2019, 65(12):65-67.
[18]	张富源, 陈军, 陈子平, 等. 黄精施肥与栽培模式研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2024, 52(3):1-5.
[19]	SURENDAR K K, DEVI D D, RAVI I, et al. Effect of water stress on leaf temperature, transpiration rate, stomatal diffusive resistance and yield of banana[J]. Plant gene and trait, 2013, 4(8):43-47.
[20]	贺安娜, 杨曦, 梁娟, 等. 土壤类型对虎耳草光合特性及药用成分含量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2018(1):134-139.
[21]	SONG Q F, WANG Y, QU M N, et al. The impact of modifying photosystem antenna size on canopy photosynthetic efficiency[J]. Plant cell and environment, 2017,40:2946-2957.
[22]	HE A N, SHE C W, WU X J, et al. Effect of light quality on photosynthesis and active ingredients contents of Saxifraga stolonifera Curt.[J]. Pakistan journal of botany, 2017, 49(6):2181-2187.
[23]	贺安娜, 欧立军, 李胜华, 等. 虎耳草不同光温条件下光合特性及有效成分含量的相关性分析[J]. 植物研究, 2013, 33(5):587-592. doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2013.05.015
[24]	BELGIOL E, TRSKOVÁ E, KOTABOVÁ E, et al. High light acclimation of Chromera velia points to photoprotective NPQ[J]. Photosynthetic research, 2018,135:263-274.
[25]	孔祥波, 徐坤. 不同肥料对生姜产量及叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008(2):367-372.
[26]	王秀英, 房磊, 戴亮. 不同肥料配施对玉竹光合特性及品质的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2019(18):128-133.
[27]	CHEN G Z, WU P, WANG J Y, et al. How do different fertilization depths affect the growth, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency in rain-fed summer maize?[J]. Field crops research, 2023,290:108759.
[28]	徐一帆, 徐彩龙, 李瑞东, 等. 施肥通过优化叶片功能与氮素积累来提高大豆产量[J]. 作物学报, 2024.
[29]	刘行, 田晴, 田忠平, 等. 施肥模式对‘凤丹’牡丹光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(7):56-63. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0141

施肥量/g	净光合速率/[μmol/(m²·s)]	蒸腾速率/[mmol/(m²·s)]	气孔导度/[μmol/(m²·s)]	胞间二氧化碳浓度/(μmol/mol)	水分利用率/(g/kg)
75	3.66±0.289a	1.32±0.136b	0.045±0.003ab	272±29.7a	2.64±0.341a
100	3.84±0.335a	1.52±0.149a	0.048±0.005a	277±29.0a	2.29±0.353b
125	2.30±0.149b	1.39±0.144ab	0.041±0.004bc	300±33.1a	1.45±0.157c
150	2.11±0.123b	1.29±0.105b	0.037±0.003c	301±28.0a	1.33±0.128c

施肥量/g	净光合速率/[μmol/(m²·s)]	蒸腾速率/[mmol/(m²·s)]	气孔导度/[μmol/(m²·s)]	胞间二氧化碳浓度/(μmol/mol)	水分利用率/(g/kg)
75	3.66±0.289a	1.32±0.136b	0.045±0.003ab	272±29.7a	2.64±0.341a
100	3.84±0.335a	1.52±0.149a	0.048±0.005a	277±29.0a	2.29±0.353b
125	2.30±0.149b	1.39±0.144ab	0.041±0.004bc	300±33.1a	1.45±0.157c
150	2.11±0.123b	1.29±0.105b	0.037±0.003c	301±28.0a	1.33±0.128c

施肥量/g	Fv/Fm	Fv/Fo	qP	qN	ΦPSⅡ	ETR
75	0.799±0.011a	3.88±0.232ab	0.523±0.036a	0.874±0.023a	0.189±0.030a	55.4±8.71a
100	0.806±0.008a	4.17±0.036a	0.534±0.053a	0.891±0.021a	0.206±0.026a	60.4±7.60a
125	0.756±0.033b	3.41±0.140c	0.481±0.034a	0.889±0.016a	0.167±0.025b	49.2±7.49b
150	0.805±0.004a	3.54±0.473bc	0.340±0.112b	0.864±0.019a	0.134±0.040c	39.4±11.7c

施肥量/g	Fv/Fm	Fv/Fo	qP	qN	ΦPSⅡ	ETR
75	0.799±0.011a	3.88±0.232ab	0.523±0.036a	0.874±0.023a	0.189±0.030a	55.4±8.71a
100	0.806±0.008a	4.17±0.036a	0.534±0.053a	0.891±0.021a	0.206±0.026a	60.4±7.60a
125	0.756±0.033b	3.41±0.140c	0.481±0.034a	0.889±0.016a	0.167±0.025b	49.2±7.49b
150	0.805±0.004a	3.54±0.473bc	0.340±0.112b	0.864±0.019a	0.134±0.040c	39.4±11.7c

施肥量/g	叶绿素a/(mg/dm²)	叶绿素b/(mg/dm²)	类胡萝卜素/(mg/dm²)	总叶绿素/(mg/dm²)	叶绿素a/b
75	3.37±0.285a	1.29±0.159a	0.898±0.0525b	4.67±0.428a	2.62±0.158a
100	3.73±0.226a	1.40±0.087a	1.002±0.0562a	5.13±0.311a	2.67±0.050a
125	3.59±0.249a	1.40±0.078a	0.890±0.0883b	4.99±0.324a	2.57±0.072a
150	3.66±0.053a	1.37±0.105a	0.867±0.0231b	5.08±0.040a	2.58±0.081a