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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (34): 89-93.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0321

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥施用量对‘台农’芒果产量、品质和经济效益的影响

范家慧1(), 李华东2, 程宁宁3, 林电3()   

  1. 1 信阳市农业技术服务中心，河南信阳 464000
    2 中化化肥有限公司海南分公司，海口 570106
    3 海南大学热带农林学院，海口 570228
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-17 修回日期:2024-10-18 出版日期:2024-12-05 发布日期:2024-12-03
  • 通讯作者:
    林电，男，1966年出生，海南文昌人，教授，博士，主要从事高效施肥及营养调控和热带土壤可持续利用研究。通信地址：570228 海南省海口市美兰区海南大学热带农林学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    范家慧，女，1993年出生，河南正阳人，助理农艺师，硕士，研究方向为土壤与肥料研究。通信地址：464000 河南省信阳市浉河区信阳市农业技术服务中心，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    海南省自然科学基金面上项目“不同施氮模式对芒果园氮气排放的影响机制”(321MS009); 海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目“根层调控对芒果树养分高效吸收利用与产量品质的响应机制”(421RC739); 海南省重大科技计划项目“海南芒果、柑橘品质提升关键技术研究与示范”(ZDKJ2017003); 国家重点研发计划“高效施肥技术与新型肥料研究”(2017YFD0202102)

Effects of Fertilizer Application Rates on Yield, Quality and Economic Benefit of ‘Tainong’ Mango

FAN Jiahui1(), LI Huadong2, CHENG Ningning3, LIN Dian3()   

  1. 1 Xinyang Agricultural Technology Service Center, Xinyang, Henan 464000
    2 Hainan Branch of Sinochem Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Haikou 570106
    3 College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228
  • Received:2024-05-17 Revised:2024-10-18 Published:2024-12-05 Online:2024-12-03

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摘要：

为了解化肥施肥量对‘台农’芒果产量及品质的影响，引入主成分分析和主成分得分对不同施肥量的肥料效应进行综合评价，用以指导‘台农’芒果科学施用化肥。设置3个化肥施肥量水平处理，分别为N 322.92 g/株+P2O5 96.88 g/株+K2O 322.93 g/株+有机肥7.5 kg/株（A处理）、N 248.40 g/株+P2O5 74.52 g/株+K2O 248.40 g/株+有机肥7.5 kg/株（B处理）、N 173.88 g/株+P2O5 57.38 g/株+K2O 177.29 g/株+有机肥7.5 kg/株（C处理），研究不同施肥量对芒果产量、品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明，不同处理间，果纵茎、果横茎、果厚有显著差异，果型指数间差异不显著。A、C处理的果实外在品质优于B处理；不同处理产量差异不显著，肥料产出率间差异显著，且C处理肥料产出率最高(4.33 g/g)；A、C处理的经济效益高于B处理，其中C处理的经济效益最高（103230.61元/hm2），A、C处理与B处理相比经济效益分别增加了143.19、8169.15元/hm2。果型指数、内在品质、产量指标的主成分综合得分排序为A>B>C。通过合理调整化肥施用量，降低肥耗，可实现稳产并提高经济效益。

关键词: 施肥量, ‘台农’芒果, 产量, 品质, 经济效益, 主成分分析

Abstract:

In order to understand the effect of fertilizer application amount on yield and quality of ‘Tainong’ mangoes, principal component analysis and principal component score were introduced to evaluate the fertilizer effect of different fertilizer application amounts, so as to guide the scientific application of fertilizer in ‘Tainong’ mangoes production. Three fertilizer application levels were set for treatment, including N 322.92 g/plant+ P2O5 96.88 g/plant+ K2O 322.93 g/plant+ organic fertilizer 7.5 kg/plant (A), N 248.40 g/plant+ P2O5 74.52 g/plant+ K2O 248.40 g/plant+ organic fertilizer 7.5 kg/plant (B), N 173.88 g/plant+ P2O5 57.38 g/plant+ K2O 177.29 g/plant+ organic fertilizer 7.5 kg/plant (C). The effects of different fertilizer application rates on yield, quality and economic benefits of mango were studied. The test results showed that there were significant differences in vertical stem, transverse stem and fruit thickness among different treatments, but no significant differences in fruit type index. The external quality of fruit treated with A and C was better than that treated with B. There was no significant difference in yield among different treatments, but significant difference in fertilizer output rate among different treatments, and C treatment had the highest fertilizer output rate (4.33 g/g). The economic benefit of treatment A and C was higher than that of treatment B, among which the economic benefit of treatment C was the highest (103,230.61 yuan/hm2), and the economic benefit of treatment A and C was increased by 143.19 and 8169.15 yuan/hm2, respectively, compared with treatment B. The comprehensive scores of fruit type index, intrinsic quality and yield index were A>B>C. Through reasonable adjustment of fertilizer application amount, fertilizer consumption can be reduced to achieve stable yield and improve economic benefit.

Key words: fertilization amount, ‘Tainong’ mango, yield, quality, economic benefit, principal component analysis