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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (35): 76-81.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0498

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氯对贫氯红壤烤烟生长发育及烟叶产质量的影响

殷红慧1(), 胡棕棂1, 余小芬2, 赵兴能1, 李鹏飞1, 胡加云1, 毛妍婷2, 张丽霞1(), 邱学礼2()   

  1. 1 云南省烟草公司文山州公司,云南文山 663000
    2 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-22 修回日期:2024-10-10 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-12
  • 通讯作者:
    张丽霞,女,1978年出生,云南文山人,农艺师,大专,主要从事烟叶评级、等级质量监管技术方面的研究。通信地址:650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号,Tel:0871-65894459,E-mail:
    邱学礼,男,1976年出生,云南曲靖人,研究员,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤改良及肥料高效利用效应方面的研究。通信地址:650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号,Tel:0871-65894459,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    殷红慧,女,1977年出生,云南玉溪人,高级农艺师,硕士研究生,主要从事烟草科技创新、技术研发与推广方面的研究。通信地址:663000 云南省文山州开化镇开化街道建禾西路106,Tel:0876-2662235,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    云南省烟草公司文山州公司科技计划项目“文山州‘烟+N’种植制度及机艺融合关键技术研究及孵化应用”(20235326002); 国家重点研发计划项目“滇南中低产田酸化阻控与产能提升技术示范及推广应用”(2022YFD1901504-06)

Effects of Chlorination on Growth and Development of Flue-cured Tobacco and Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves in Chlorine-poor Red Soil

YIN Honghui1(), HU Zongling1, YU Xiaofen2, ZHAO Xingneng1, LI Pengfei1, HU Jiayun1, Mao Yanting2, ZHANG Lixia1(), QIU Xueli2()   

  1. 1 Wenshan Branch of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company, Wenshan, Yunnan 663000
    2 Agricultural Resources & Environment Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2024-07-22 Revised:2024-10-10 Published:2024-12-15 Online:2024-12-12

摘要:

本研究旨在探究不同施氯量对云南文山烟区贫氯土壤烤烟生长及产质量的影响。设置了5个处理(CK,常规施肥;T1,增施氯化钾30.0 kg/hm2;T2,增施氯化钾60.0 kg/hm2;T3,增施氯化钾90.0 kg/hm2;T4,增施氯化钾120.0 kg/hm2),分析了不同施氯量处理下贫氯土壤理化性质,烟株农艺性状、经济性状及烟叶外观质量、化学成分,以期为该地区贫氯土壤改良及烟叶品质提升提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:相较于CK处理,施氯有效提高贫氯土壤有效磷、速效钾和水溶性氯含量,不同程度降低pH,其中T1到T4处理土壤速效钾含量提高了36.7%~64.1%,水溶性氯含量提高了68.5%~229.6%;有效促进贫氯土壤烟株生长发育和烟叶开片,以T2处理长势稍强;改善了贫氯土壤烤烟经济性状,施氯量增加,烤烟经济性状降低,但均优于对照,以T1处理经济性状最佳,T2处理次之;贫氯土壤施用氯化钾改善烟叶品质,提高了化学成分可用性及烟叶氯含量,符合优质烟叶要求。总体看,氯化钾施用量在30~60 kg/hm2时对文山贫氯红壤烤烟栽培综合效应最佳,长期施用对环境的潜在影响应进一步跟踪评价。

关键词: 烤烟, 烟叶氯含量, 化学成分, 文山烟区, 贫氯红壤, 施氯量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different chlorine application amounts on the growth and yield quality of flue-cured tobacco in chlorine-poor soil in Wenshan tobacco-growing area of Yunnan Province, five treatments (CK, conventional fertilization; T1, added potassium chloride 30.0 kg/hm2; T2, added potassium chloride 60.0 kg/hm2; T3, added potassium chloride 90.0 kg/hm2; T4, added potassium chloride 120.0 kg/hm2) were conducted. The physical and chemical properties of chlorine-poor soil, the agronomic and economic properties of tobacco plants, the appearance quality of tobacco leaves and the chemical composition of tobacco leaves under different chlorine application were analyzed to provide some theoretical basis for the improvement of chlorine-poor soil and the improvement of tobacco quality in this area. The results showed that compared with contrast (CK), chlorine application effectively increased the content of available P, available K and water-soluble chloride in chlorine-deficient soil, while it also caused a decrease in pH to varying degrees. The levels of available K and water-soluble chloride content in T1 to T4 increased from 36.7% to 64.1%, and 68.5% to 229.6%, respectively; the growth and development of tobacco plants in low-chlorine soil, as well as the opening of tobacco leaves, could be effectively promoted. Additionally, the growth of tobacco plants showed a slightly stronger effect of T2 treatment than that of CK treatment; the economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in chlorine-poor soil were effectively enhanced. The overall economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco decreased with the increase of chlorine application, but still outperformed CK treatment. Among the treatments, T1 treatment exhibited the best economic properties, followed by T2 treatment; the application of potassium chlorine-poor soil had enhanced the quality of tobacco leaves, increased the availability of chemical components, and elevated the chlorine content in tobacco leaves. The optimal comprehensive impact of applying 30-60 kg/hm2 of potassium chloride on the cultivation of flue-cured tobacco in chlorine-poor soil in Wenshan was observed. However, the potential environmental impact of long-term application should be further evaluated.

Key words: tobacco flue-cured, chlorine content of tobacco leaves, chemical composition, Wenshan tobacco growing areas, chlorine-poor red soil, chlorine application rate