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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (36): 1-8.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0021

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

播期对黑米稻籽粒灌浆特性及产量构成的影响

肖长春1,2(), 韦新宇1,2, 曾跃辉1,2, 黄建鸿1,2, 许旭明2,3()   

  1. 1 三明市农业科学研究院生物技术研究所,福建三明 365500
    2 福建省(山区)作物遗传改良与创新利用重点实验室,福建三明 365500
    3 三明市农业科学研究院水稻研究所,福建三明 365500
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-10 修回日期:2024-04-15 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2024-12-23
  • 通讯作者:
    许旭明,男,1964年出生,广东潮阳人,研究员,博士,主要从事作物遗传与育种。通信地址:365500 福建省三明市沙县区虬江街道办柱源村2号,三明市农业科学研究院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    肖长春,男,1990年出生,福建大田人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:水稻遗传与育种。通信地址:365500 福建省三明市沙县区虬江街道办柱源村2号,三明市农业科学研究院,Tel:18120824123,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    福建省科技计划项目“高花色苷优质香型黑米新品种选育”(2021N0044); 福建省自然科学基金项目“水稻康丰A抗稻瘟病基因Pi-kf2(t)的克隆与功能分析”(2021J01535); “一个新的水稻白化突变体基因OsAL50的克隆和功能分析”(2021J01536)

Effect of Sowing Date on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield Composition of Black Rice

XIAO Changchun1,2(), WEI Xinyu1,2, ZENG Yuehui1,2, HUANG Jianhong1,2, XU Xuming2,3()   

  1. 1 Biotechnology Research Institute, Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming, Fujian 365500
    2 Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming, Fujian 365500
    3 Rice Research Institute, Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming, Fujian 365500
  • Received:2024-01-10 Revised:2024-04-15 Published:2024-12-25 Online:2024-12-23

摘要:

本研究旨在探究不同黑米水稻籽粒灌浆特性及产量形成的最佳播种期,为黑米水稻生产提供理论和实践依据。以‘黑糯’、‘丽人紫’、‘岩紫糯35’为试验材料,设置5个播期,分析播期对黑米水稻生育进程、籽粒灌浆特性及产量构成的影响。结果表明:各黑米品种随播期推后全生育期平均缩短12.7~30.3 d;使用Logistic方程模型适配黑米籽粒灌浆动态(R2≥0.995,P<0.01),其籽粒灌浆特性和产量构成是播期、品种及其互作共同作用的结果,播期从3月1日到6月1日,灌浆千粒重减少了1.32~2.15 g,单株产量下降9.12~16.08 g;播期6月1日到7月1日,灌浆千粒重增加2.13 g,单株产量提升了5.97 g。通径分析结果表明,延长籽粒灌浆持续时间是提高黑米粒重的关键因素之一,每穗实粒数和千粒重降低是引起黑米水稻减产的主要原因,提早或推迟播期有助于延长灌浆持续时间以及每穗实粒数、千粒重和结实率提高。因此,建议根据当地气候条件合理安排播种时间,如选择3月上旬或6月下旬适时播种,可以有效促进籽粒充分灌浆,从而达到增加黑米产量的目的。

关键词: 黑米品种, 播期, 全生育期, Logistic方程, 籽粒灌浆, 产量性状, 通径分析

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to investigate the optimal sowing time for grain filling and yield formation in black rice, thereby providing both theoretical and practical foundations for its production. The effects of different sowing dates on the growth process, grain filling characteristics, and yield trait of black rice varieties ‘Heinuo’, ‘Lirenzi’, and ‘Yanzinuo 35’ were analyzed using five experimental sowing dates. The results indicated that the overall growth period of black rice varieties was reduced by an average of 12.7-30.3 days with delayed sowing dates. The Logistic equation model was applicable to grain filling dynamics of black rice (R2≥0.995, P<0.01). Grain filling characteristics and yield composition resulted from a combination of factors including sowing date, variety selection, and their interactions. Sowing dates ranged from March 1 to June 1,the grain weight and yield per plant significantly decreased by 1.32-2.15 g/1000grain and 9.12-16.08 g. From June 1 to July 1, the grain weight and yield per plant increased by 2.13 g/1000grain and 5.97 g. The results of the path analysis revealed that increasing grain filling duration was crucial for enhancing grain weight, while the decrease in both the number of filled grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight was the primary cause of yield reduction. Adjusting sowing dates earlier or later can prolong the filling duration and increase the number of filled grain per panicle, 1000-grain weight, and seed setting rate. Sowing black rice in early March or late June is favorable for prolonging the grain filling period and enhancing both grain weight and yield.

Key words: black rice, sowing date, whole growth period, logistic equation, grain filling, yield trait, path analysis