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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (36): 37-42.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0279

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期和播量对冬油菜农艺性状及产量的影响

梁丽鹏1(), 刘哲文1, 曹春莉2, 高丽惠3, 王海山1, 宋聚红1, 田东良1, 田国英1, 付雅丽1()   

  1. 1 石家庄市农林科学研究院，石家庄 050000
    2 石家庄市气象局，石家庄 050000
    3 石家庄市藁城区农业区划工作站，石家庄 050000
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-28 修回日期:2024-08-19 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2024-12-23
  • 通讯作者:
    付雅丽，女，1975年出生，研究员，主要从事作物育种与栽培。通信地址：050000 河北省石家庄市正定新区商务中心东门c区 石家庄市农林科学研究院，Tel：0311-86321536，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    梁丽鹏，男，1982年出生，副研究员，硕士，主要从事作物育种与栽培。通信地址：050000 河北省石家庄市正定新区商务中心东门c区 石家庄市农林科学研究院，Tel：0311-86321536，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2023030403)

Effect of Sowing Date and Seeding Rates on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Winter Rapeseed

LIANG Lipeng1(), LIU Zhewen1, CAO Chunli2, GAO Lihui3, WANG Haishan1, SONG Juhong1, TIAN Dongliang1, TIAN Guoying1, FU Yali1()   

  1. 1 Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050000
    2 Shijiazhuang Meteorological Service, Shijiazhuang 050000
    3 Gaocheng District Agricultural Regional Planning Workstation of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang 050000
  • Received:2024-04-28 Revised:2024-08-19 Published:2024-12-25 Online:2024-12-23

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摘要：

为探索播期和播量对冬油菜农艺性状和产量的影响，于2022—2023年在石家庄市农林科学研究院鹿泉试验基地进行试验，以白菜型冬油菜‘天油1358’和‘衡油8号’为材料，设置5个播期和4个播量，裂区设计，播期为主区，播量为副区，3次重复，分析2种因素对冬油菜生育期、群体密度形成、农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明，随着播期推迟，冬油菜成苗密度、分枝高度显著增加，越冬率、株高、一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、千粒重、产量显著降低。随着播量增加，冬油菜成苗密度、分枝高度显著增加，株高、单株有效角果数、越冬率显著降低，一次有效分枝、每角粒数、千粒重变化不显著，产量先增后减。同一品种各处理间返青期一致，但随播期推迟现蕾期、初花期、盛花期也相应推迟且较明显，终花期和成熟期推迟但推迟时间减少。‘天油1358’、‘衡油8号’最大产量对应播量为6 kg/hm2、4.5 kg/hm2，对应播期为9月10日。研究发现，石家庄地区适宜播期在9月10—30日，在茬口允许情况下应适期早播，播量控制在4.5~6 kg/hm2。研究总结出合理的栽培技术，旨在为冀中南地区冬油菜生产提供科学依据。

关键词: 冬油菜, 播期, 播量, 农艺性状, 产量, 石家庄地区

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of sowing date and sowing rate on the agronomic traits and yield of winter rapeseed, provide scientific basis for the production of winter rapeseed in central and southern Hebei Province, the effects of two factors on the growth period, population density formation, agronomic traits and yield of winter oilseed rape were analyzed. Using ‘Tianyou 1358’ and ‘Hengyou 8’ as materials, a two-factor split plot experiment with 5 sowing dates and 4 sowing rates was carried out. The results showed that with the delay of sowing date, the seedling density and branch height of winter rapeseed increased significantly, and the wintering rate, plant height, the number of primary effective branches, the number of effective pods per plant, 1000-seed weight and yield decreased significantly. With the increase of sowing rate, the seedling density and branch height of winter rapeseed increased significantly, the plant height, the number of effective pods per plant and the wintering rate decreased significantly, the number of primary effective branches, the number of seeds per pod and the 1000-seed weight did not change significantly, and the yield increased first and then decreased. The regeneration period of the same variety was the same, but with the delay of sowing date, the budding stage, the early flowering stage and the full flowering stage were also postponed and more obvious, and the final flowering stage and the maturity stage were postponed but the delay time was reduced. The yield of 'Tianyou 1358' and 'Hengyou 8' was the highest when the sowing rate was 6 kg/hm2 and 4.5 kg/hm2, respectively, and the corresponding sowing date was September 10th. The suitable sowing date in Shijiazhuang area is September 10th to 30th, and early sowing should be carried out if the stubble is allowed. The sowing rate should be controlled at 4.5-6 kg/hm2. The reasonable cultivation techniques were summarized in order to provide scientific basis for winter rapeseed production in central and southern Hebei.

Key words: winter rapeseed, sowing date, seeding rate, agronomic traits, yield, Shijiazhuang area