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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 152-157.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0423

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

晾制环境及方式对雪茄烟叶水分变化及烟叶品质的影响

王正浩1(), 邢卓冉2, 蔡宝才3, 钟俊文2,4, 马丽娟3, 黄珂3, 尹光庭5, 段卫东5, 时向东2, 李建华1()   

  1. 1 许昌市烟草公司，河南许昌 452570
    2 河南农业大学烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室，郑州 450002
    3 许昌市烟草公司禹州市分公司，河南许昌 461670
    4 红云红河烟草（集团）有限责任公司，云南弥勒 650231
    5 河南中烟工业有限责任公司，郑州 450000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-27 修回日期:2024-12-15 出版日期:2025-04-05 发布日期:2025-04-03
  • 通讯作者:
    李建华，男，1970年出生，河南许昌人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事烟叶农业技术研究和推广工作。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王正浩，男，1991年出生，河南禹州人，助理农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟叶农业技术研究和推广工作。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省烟草公司许昌市公司科技计划项目“河南中烟雪茄风味卷烟原料生产基地建设”(2021411000240102)

Effects of Air-curing Environment and Methods on Moisture Variation and Quality of Cigar Leaves

WANG Zhenghao1(), XING Zhuoran2, CAI Baocai3, ZHONG Junwen2,4, MA Lijuan3, HUANG Ke3, YIN Guangting5, DUAN Weidong5, SHI Xiangdong2, LI Jianhua1()   

  1. 1 Xuchang Tobacco Company, Xuchang, Henan 452570
    2 Key Laboratory of Tobacco Industry and Tobacco Cultivation, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
    3 Yuzhou Branch, Xuchang Tobacco Company, Xuchang, Henan 461670
    4 Hongyun Honghe Tobacco (Group) Co., Ltd., Mile, Yunnan 650231
    5 China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000
  • Received:2024-06-27 Revised:2024-12-15 Published:2025-04-05 Online:2025-04-03

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摘要：

为探究晾房环境及晾制方式对雪茄烟叶晾制过程水分含量及烟叶品质的影响，以雪茄烟品种‘Habanos 2000’为供试材料，设置正常晾制与带茎晾制2种方式，分别在晾制期间温湿度差异较大的简易晾房与改造晾房进行晾制，基于灰色关联分析的方法研究晾房环境与晾制方式对雪茄烟叶晾制过程中含水率、自由水和结合水含量以及水分迁移速率的影响；通过对比各处理发酵后烟叶化学成分，明确许昌地区雪茄烟叶晾制过程中适宜的晾房形式及晾制方式。结果表明，晾制温度对雪茄烟叶含水率影响较大，晾制湿度对烟叶结合水含量及水分迁移速率影响较大，其中简易晾房温度对正常晾制的方式下烟叶含水率影响程度最大，改造晾房湿度分别对正常晾制下的烟叶结合水含量和带茎晾制下的烟叶水分迁移速率影响最大；此外，改造晾房内带茎晾制下烟叶晾后的总糖、还原糖、烟碱含量最低，而钾含量、钾氯比、氮碱比、两糖比最高。综上所述，许昌地区的雪茄烟叶在带有控温控湿设备的晾房内以带茎的方式进行晾制，可以为雪茄烟叶提供更为充足的水分供应，使晾后烟叶品质提升。

关键词: 雪茄烟叶, 晾制, 水分, 带茎晾制, 灰色关联分析, 雪茄烟叶品质

Abstract:

To explore the effects of air-curing room environment and methods on the moisture content and quality of cigar leaves during the airing process, ‘Habanos-2000’ cigar variety was selected as the experimental material, and two airing methods, normal airing and airing with stem, were set up. Airing was conducted in both a simple air-curing room with significant temperature and humidity differences and a reformed air- curing room. The grey relational analysis method was employed to study the influence of air-curing room environment and airing methods on moisture content, free water, bound water content, and moisture migration rate during the drying process of cigar leaves. By comparing the chemical composition of fermented leaves in each treatment, the suitable air-curing room pattern and drying method for the airing process of cigar leaves in Xuchang region were determined. The results showed that airing temperature had a significant effect on the moisture content of cigar leaves, while airing humidity had a significant effect on the bound water content and moisture migration rate of leaves. Specifically, the temperature in the simple air-curing room had the greatest impact on the moisture content of leaves under normal airing conditions, and the humidity in the reformed air-curing room had the greatest impact on the bound water content under normal airing conditions and the moisture migration rate under airing with stem conditions. Additionally, the cigar leaves airing with stem in the reformed air-curing room had the lowest total sugar, reducing sugar, and nicotine content, while the potassium content, potassium-chlorine ratio, nitrogen-nicotine ratio, and total sugar-reducing sugar ratio were the highest. In conclusion, cigar leaves airing with stem in an air-curing room equipped with temperature and humidity control devices in Xuchang region can provide more sufficient moisture supply for the leaves, thereby improving the quality of the dried leaves.

Key words: cigar leaves, air-curing, water content, airing with stem, grey relational analysis, quality of cigar leaves