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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (21): 96-106.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0546

• 盐碱地多样化生态化特色化综合利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤调理剂对连作葡萄园肥力修复及果实品质的影响

赵科刚1(), 蔡苗1, 马畅2,3, 王东2, 谢晓梅4, 王欣雅4   

  1. 1 西安市农业技术推广中心，西安 710000
    2 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农业农村生态环境重点实验室，北京 100081
    3 山西农业大学资源环境学院，山西晋中 030800
    4 青岛农业大学资源与环境学院，山东青岛 266109
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30 修回日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-05
  • 作者简介:

    赵科刚，男，1979年出生，新疆伊宁人，硕士，研究方向：土壤改良与质量提升技术研究。通信地址：710000 陕西省西安市长安南路140号 西安市农业技术推广中心，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题“旱作中低产田土壤有机质和产能协同提升技术集成与模式示范”(2023YFD1900305); 西安市农业技术推广中心“BGA结合微质子水对果实产量与土壤肥力的影响分析”。

Effects of Soil Conditioner on Fertility Restoration and Fruit Quality in Continuous Cropping Vineyards

ZHAO Kegang1(), CAI Miao1, MA Chang2,3, WANG Dong2, XIE Xiaomei4, WANG Xinya4   

  1. 1 Xi’an Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Xi’an 710000
    2 Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Eco-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    3 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030800
    4 College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109
  • Received:2025-06-30 Revised:2025-07-21 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-08-05

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摘要： 本研究旨在解决连作葡萄园土壤质量退化及果实品质下降的问题。通过设置土壤调理剂（BGA）、常规化肥（NPK）以及两者减量配施（H-BGA+NPK）等处理，分析不同施肥模式对土壤理化性质、活性有机碳组分、团聚体结构及葡萄果实品质的影响，并探究其内在关联机制。结果显示，不同施肥处理对土壤理化性质的影响存在显著的时期特异性。膨果期，H-BGA+NPK配施通过协同效应显著提升土壤有机质含量（较NPK处理提高21.67%）、全氮含量（较NPK处理提高3.61%）以及微生物量碳含量（较NPK处理提高20.53%），有效优化了葡萄生长前期的土壤养分供给。成熟期，BGA处理依靠有机组分的持续矿化作用，使土壤有机质和硝态氮含量大幅累积，较NPK处理分别提高了59.89%和169.27%，显著改善了土壤碳氮库容。土壤团聚体分析结果表明，H-BGA+NPK配施处理显著促进了>0.25 mm的大团聚体形成，较NPK处理提高了45.90%；而NPK单施处理则提高了<0.053 mm的粉黏粒团聚体含量占比，这体现了BGA调理剂配施对土壤结构的优化效应。在果实品质方面，H-BGA+NPK配施处理的葡萄可溶性糖含量达到12.46%，较NPK和BGA处理分别提高了5.68%和1.71%，糖酸比平衡最优；BGA处理显著提高了葡萄果实可滴定酸（较NPK增加9.49%）和可溶性固形物含量（较NPK增加1.03%~4.08%），能够满足市场对高酸品质葡萄的需求。相关性分析表明，可溶性糖与土壤容重、可溶性有机碳呈显著负相关(P<0.05)；可滴定酸与土壤pH、全氮等养分指标呈极显著负相关（P<0.001），与容重、可溶性有机碳呈正相关(P<0.05)。表明土壤结构与碳组分是葡萄果实品质的关键调控因子。研究认为，根据作物生长周期精准配置土壤调理剂与化肥的比例，可兼顾前期养分供给与长期土壤健康，为连作葡萄园可持续高产优质栽培提供实践路径。

关键词: 连作葡萄园, 土壤质量, 果实品质, 土壤调理剂, 肥力修复, 活性有机碳组分, 团聚体组成

Abstract:

In order to address soil quality degradation and fruit quality decline in continuous cropping vineyards, this research investigated the effects of a soil conditioner (BGA), conventional fertilizer (NPK), and their reduced-rate combined application (H-BGA+NPK) on soil physicochemical properties, active organic carbon fractions, aggregate structure, and grape quality, while exploring the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that fertilization treatments exhibited significant temporal specificity in influencing soil parameters. During the fruit expansion stage, the H-BGA+NPK treatment synergistically enhanced soil organic matter (21.67% higher than NPK), total nitrogen (3.61% higher than NPK), and microbial biomass carbon (20.53% higher than NPK), optimizing early-stage nutrient supply through the combined effect of rapid nitrogen release from fertilizer and slow carbon input from the conditioner. In the maturity stage, sole BGA application promoted sustained mineralization of organic components, leading to substantial increases in soil organic matter (59.89% higher than NPK) and nitrate nitrogen (169.27% higher than NPK), significantly improving the soil carbon-nitrogen pool. Soil aggregate analysis revealed that H-BGA+NPK significantly promoted the formation of macro-aggregates (>0.25 mm), increasing their proportion by 45.90% compared to NPK, while sole NPK application increased the proportion of micro-aggregates (<0.053 mm), highlighting the structural optimization effect of conditioner-fertilizer combination. Regarding fruit quality, the H-BGA+NPK treatment achieved the highest soluble sugar content (12.46%), which was 5.68% and 1.71% higher than NPK and BGA alone, respectively, demonstrating optimal balance of the sugar-acid ratio. Sole BGA application significantly increased titratable acid (9.49% higher than NPK) and soluble solids (1.03%-4.08% higher than NPK), making it suitable for high-acid grape cultivation. Correlation analysis indicated that soluble sugar was negatively correlated with soil bulk density and dissolved organic carbon (P<0.05), while titratable acid showed strong negative correlations with soil pH, total nitrogen, and other nutrient indices (P<0.001), and positive correlations with bulk density and dissolved organic carbon (P<0.05), confirming that soil structure and carbon fractions are key regulators of fruit quality. This research confirms that precise integration of soil conditioner and fertilizer based on crop growth stages can balance short-term nutrient supply and long-term soil health, providing a theoretical and practical framework in sustainable high-yield and high-quality vineyard management.

Key words: continuous cropping vineyard, soil quality, fruit quality, soil conditioner, fertility restoration, active organic carbon components, aggregation composition