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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 56-62.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0316

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

赤泥土壤化过程中土壤质量的变化

刘钟森1,2(), 赵雅1,2(), 薛海涛1,2, 赵永超1,2, 岳晶晶2,3, 龚巍峥1,2   

  1. 1 河南省地质环境勘查院有限公司，郑州 450007
    2 郑州市土壤污染防治利用工程技术研究中心，郑州 450007
    3 河南省地质环境规划设计院有限公司，郑州 450007
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-07 修回日期:2024-11-01 出版日期:2025-01-13 发布日期:2025-01-13
  • 通讯作者:
    赵雅，女，1991年出生，河南焦作人，中级工程师，硕士，主要从事矿山土壤生态修复方面的研究。通信地址：450007 河南省郑州市中原区煤仓北街17号 河南省地质环境勘查院有限公司，Tel：0371-86566126，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘钟森，男，1979年出生，河南社旗人，正高级工程师，博士，主要从事矿山土壤生态修复方面的研究。通信地址：450007 河南省郑州市中原区煤仓北街17号 河南省地质环境勘查院有限公司，Tel：0371-61773393，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省地质矿产勘查开发局局管地质环境项目“赤泥土壤化改良及植被重构研究”(豫地矿文〔2021〕12号)

Changes in Soil Quality During Process of Bauxite Residue Soilization

LIU Zhongsen1,2(), ZHAO Ya1,2(), XUE Haitao1,2, ZHAO Yongchao1,2, YUE Jingjing2,3, GONG Weizheng1,2   

  1. 1 Henan Geological Environment Exploration Institute Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450007
    2 Soil Pollution Prevention Engineering Technology Research Center in Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou 450007
    3 Henan Provincial Environment Planning & Designing Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450007
  • Received:2024-05-07 Revised:2024-11-01 Published:2025-01-13 Online:2025-01-13

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摘要：

本研究选取河南省焦作某氧化铝赤泥堆场为试验平台，通过基质改良和种植不同植物的方式对赤泥的土壤化过程进行研究，分析赤泥土壤化过程中土壤质量的变化，为氧化铝赤泥堆场的土壤化改良和植被重建提供参考。试验共设置8个处理组，分别为赤泥原状土(CN)、仅基质改良不种植植物的空地(KD)、种植柽柳(CL)、种植碱蓬(JP)、种植黑麦草(HMC)、种植青蒿(QH)、种植艾草(AC)、种植菌草(QC) 不同植物的处理组。种植植物3 a后，对不同地块进行取样，测定赤泥土壤化改良后土壤的物理、化学和生物性质，并分析种植不同植物对土壤质量的影响，从生态重建角度研究赤泥土壤化过程中土壤质量的变化。结果表明：在赤泥堆场种植植物3 a后，不同地块的土壤性质均发生不同程度的变化，且各土壤性质在处理前后差异显著。种植植物后土壤性质和赤泥原状土相比，土壤容重降低了54.17%~67.19%，土壤孔隙度增加了109.38%~137.50%，pH降低了0.8~1.77个单位，有机质增加了38.15%~245.95%，全氮和碱解氮分别提高了250.00%~1975.00%和106.53%~501.94%，全磷和有效磷分别提高了132.71%~228.97%和105.59%~681.36%，速效钾提高了1.41%~32.80%，细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量有明显增加。与原状赤泥和不种植植物的空地相比，赤泥土壤化改良能够改善土壤的物理性质、化学性质和生物性质。赤泥土壤化过程中土壤质量变化的同时，也促进了赤泥堆场的生态恢复。

关键词: 赤泥堆场, 土壤化, 微生物数量, 生态恢复, 土壤质量

Abstract:

The bauxite residue disposal area in Jiaozuo, Henan Province was selected as the experimental platform to study the process of bauxite residue soilization through substrate amendment and planting different plants. The changes in soil quality during the process of bauxite residue soilization were analyzed, providing reference for the bauxite residue soilization improvement and vegetation reconstruction of bauxite residue disposal area. In this experiment, 8 treatments were set up, including bauxite residue undisturbed soil (CN), only substrate amendment without planting plants in the open space (KD), planting Tamarix (CL), planting Suaeda salsa (JP), planting ryegrass (HMC), planting Artemisia annua (QH), planting mugwort (AC), and planting fungus grass (QC). After planting plants for 3 years, samples were taken from different plots to determine the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil after soil improvement. The impact of planting different plants on soil quality was analyzed, and the changes in soil quality during the process of bauxite residue soilization were studied from the perspective of ecological reconstruction. The results showed that after planting plants in the bauxite residue disposal area for 3 years, the soil properties of different plots changed to varying degrees, and there were significant differences in soil properties before and after treatment. After planting plants, the soil bulk density decreased by 54.17% to 67.19%, soil porosity increased by 109.38% to 137.50%, pH decreased by 0.8-1.77 units, organic matter increased by 38.15% to 245.95%, total nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen increased by 250.00% to 1975.00% and 106.53% to 501.94%, total phosphorus and available phosphorus increased by 132.71% to 228.97% and 105.59% to 681.36%, available potassium increased by 1.41% to 32.80%, and there was a significant increase in the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Compared with undisturbed bauxite residue and open spaces without planting plants, soil improvement of bauxite residue can improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. The change in soil quality during the process of bauxite residue soilization also promotes the ecological restoration of the bauxite residue disposal area.

Key words: bauxite residue disposal area, soilization, microbial quantity, ecological restoration, soil quality