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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 49-55.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0180

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

白浆土土壤养分及微生物群落结构对增施菌渣的响应

张楠(), 潘雪(), 刘杰, 于洪久, 张博, 杜海伦, 刘沣漫, 郝帅   

  1. 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,哈尔滨 150086
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11 修回日期:2024-07-10 出版日期:2025-01-13 发布日期:2025-01-13
  • 通讯作者:
    潘雪,男,1996年出生,辽宁沈阳人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事土壤改良方面的研究。通信地址:150086 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路368号 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,Tel:Tel:0451-87505295,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张楠,男,1981年出生,山东烟台人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:土壤与植物互作及农业废弃物利用。通信地址:150086 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路368号 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,Tel:0451-87505295,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    科技部“十四五”国家重点研发计划“三江平原区白浆土障碍消减与产能提升关键技术与示范”(2022YFD1500800); 黑龙江省食用菌产业技术协同创新推广体系

Response of Soil Nutrients and Microbial Communities to Increased Application of Mushroom Dreg in Albic Soil

ZHANG Nan(), PAN Xue(), LIU Jie, YU Hongjiu, ZHANG Bo, DU Hailun, LIU Fengman, HAO Shuai   

  1. Heilongjiang Institute of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Harbin 150086
  • Received:2024-03-11 Revised:2024-07-10 Published:2025-01-13 Online:2025-01-13

摘要:

白浆土是黑龙江省典型低产土壤类型之一,由于其养分贫瘠存在障碍层次等问题,限制了农作物的生长和农业生产的持续发展。菌渣含有丰富的营养物质和微生物活性,被认为是一种有效的土壤改良剂,为探究施用菌渣对白浆土土壤生物学性质的影响,于2023年在黑龙江省双鸭山市宝清县八五二农场试验站开展田间试验,土壤类型为白浆土,菌渣由黑龙江秸竞生物科技有限公司生产,以‘松玉438’为供试玉米品种,设置不施肥空白组(CK)、常规施肥+增施3 t/hm2菌渣处理(T2)和常规施肥对照组(T1) 3个处理组,于玉米收获期采集不同处理土壤,结合高通量测序技术,分析增施菌渣对土壤养分和微生物群落特征的影响及交互关系。结果表明:在常规施肥基础上增施菌渣肥,可以改善白浆土土壤pH,提高土壤整体养分;提高土壤真菌多样性及丰富度,降低了土壤细菌多样性及丰度;细菌的放线菌门、酸杆菌门和真菌毛霉菌门、子囊菌门和壶菌门等优势菌门丰度有所提升,土壤微生物群落结构出现分离趋势;土壤pH、全磷、有机质和全磷、有机质、全钾分别为影响土壤细菌和真菌群落变化的关键因素。本研究不仅有助于深入理解菌渣改良白浆土的作用机制,还为白浆土可持续利用提供技术支撑。

关键词: 白浆土, 菌渣, 土壤养分, 微生物群落, 土壤改良

Abstract:

Albic soil is one of the typical low-yielding soil types in Heilongjiang Province, which poor nutrient and soil barrier issues limit the crop growth and sustainable development. Mushroom dreg, rich in nutrients and microbial activity, is considered as an effective soil amendment. However, the changes in soil biochemistry caused by mushroom compost application on albic soil were unclear. Therefore, this study conducted field experiments and combined high-throughput sequencing technology into three treatment groups: CK (unfertilized control), T2 (standard fertilization supplemented with 3 t/hm2 of mushroom compost), and T1 (standard fertilization control). The effects of mushroom compost on soil nutrients and microbial community characteristics and their interaction were analyzed. The study results found that adding mushroom dregs could improve the pH of albic soil and increase the overall nutrient content, enhance the richness and diversity of soil fungi, reduce the diversity and abundance of soil bacteria, increase the richness and diversity of soil fungi in some key phyla, such as Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Mucoromycota, Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota, with a trend of separation in the community structure of soil microorganisms. The main factors influencing the changes in soil bacterial and fungal communities were soil pH, total phosphorus, organic matter, and total potassium. This study not only contributed to an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of action of mushroom dreg in improving albic soil, but also provided technical support for the sustainable utilization of albic soil.

Key words: albic soil, mushroom dreg, soil nutrient, microbial community, soil reclamation