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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 43-48.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0300

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

短期施肥对麦田土壤细菌群落组成和多样性的影响

刘东海1(), 戴志刚2, 梅亮贤3, 乔艳1, 张智1, 肖卓熙1, 李菲1, 胡诚1()   

  1. 1 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所，武汉 430064
    2 湖北省耕地质量与肥料工作总站，武汉 430070
    3 湖北省黄麦岭化工研究院有限公司，武汉 430061
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-28 修回日期:2024-08-24 出版日期:2025-01-13 发布日期:2025-01-13
  • 通讯作者:
    胡诚，男，1972年出生，湖北安陆人，研究员，博士，主要从事新型肥料及废弃物资源化方面的研究。通信地址：430064 湖北省武汉市洪山区南湖大道18号，Tel：027-88430575，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘东海，男，1984年出生，河北邯郸人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事土壤培肥及土壤微生态方面的研究。通信地址：430064 湖北省武汉市洪山区南湖大道18号，Tel：027-88430575，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家农业科技项目“农田智慧施肥项目”(20221805)

Effects of Short-term Fertilization on Soil Bacterial Community Composition and Diversity in Wheat Fields

LIU Donghai1(), DAI Zhigang2, MEI Liangxian3, QIAO Yan1, ZHANG Zhi1, XIAO Zhuoxi1, LI Fei1, HU Cheng1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064
    2 Hubei Provincial Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Station, Wuhan 430070
    3 Huangmailing Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd of Hubei, Wuhan 430061
  • Received:2024-04-28 Revised:2024-08-24 Published:2025-01-13 Online:2025-01-13

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摘要：

为阐明短期施肥对麦田土壤细菌群落组成及多样性的影响机制，本研究通过高通量测序技术，探讨了不施肥(T1)、习惯施肥(T2)、推荐施肥(T3)和有机替代50% (T4) 4种处理对麦田土壤细菌群落组成及多样性的影响。结果表明，相较于T1处理，施肥处理均降低了土壤pH，但是T4延缓了pH下降趋势；T2、T3和T4分别提高产量147.45%、144.68%和98.41%。T4处理提高了Shannon指数，降低了土壤细菌Chao指数，但差异不显著。施肥提高了土壤变形菌门的相对丰度，其中T2变形菌门丰度最高；同时施肥降低了蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)的相对丰度，但是T4蓝细菌门的相对丰度高于T2和T3。T2富集变形菌门中的g_Roseateles、g_Rhodanobacter和浮霉菌门的g_Singulisphaera，T4富集了假黄单胞菌和链孢囊菌目。聚类分析显示，碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机碳对细菌菌群的影响相似，pH则有所不同。与T2比较，T4减缓了光合自养菌群向化能异养菌群的演变程度和降低了硝酸盐呼吸有关菌群丰度。因此，短期有机替代(50%)有减产风险，但有利于维持麦田细菌群落稳定，N 150 kg/hm2可作为推荐施肥用量。

关键词: 施肥, 短期施肥, 麦田, 土壤, 细菌多样性, 细菌群落, 功能预测, 高通量测序

Abstract:

To clarify the mechanism of the effect of short-term fertilization on the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities in wheat fields, a field experiment was conducted with four treatments: no fertilization (T1), conventional fertilization (T2), recommended fertilization (T3) and organic substitution of 50% (T4), by using high-throughput sequencing to study the effects on soil bacterial community composition and diversity. The results showed that compared with T1 treatment, fertilization treatments decreased soil pH value, but T4 treatment delayed the downward trend of pH; T2, T3 and T4 increased the yield by 147.45%, 144.68% and 98.41%, respectively. The T4 treatment increased the Shannon index and decreased the soil bacterial Chao index, but the differences were not significant. Fertilization increased the relative abundance of soil Proteobacteria, among which T2 was the highest, while fertilization decreased the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria, among which T4 was the highest. T2 enriched g_Roseateles, g_Rhodanobacter and g_Singulisphaera, T4 enriched g_Pseudoxanthomonas and o_Streptosporangiales. Cluster analyses showed that alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic carbon had similar effects on bacterial flora, but pH was different. Compared with T2, T4 slowed down the evolution of photoautotrophic flora to chemo-energy heterotrophic flora and decreased the abundance of nitrate respiration-related flora. Therefore, short-term organic substitution (50%) has the risk of reducing yield, but it was beneficial to maintain the stability of bacterial community in wheat field. N 150 kg/hm2 could be used as the recommended amount of fertilization.

Key words: fertilization, short-term fertilization, wheat fields, soil, bacterial diversity, bacterial community, functional prediction, high-throughput sequencing