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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (25): 16-22.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0133

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量对福建雪茄烟叶产量与品质的影响

李世龙1(), 沈荔花2, 林博雅3, 贾凯1, 连玲丽2, 白玲利1, 石娟娟1, 曾文龙4, 杨宗锋5(), 李文卿5, 郑朝元1   

  1. 1 福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福州 350002
    2 福建农林大学生命科学学院，福州 350002
    3 龙岩市烟草公司武平分公司，福建武平 364399
    4 福建省烟草公司龙岩市公司，福建龙岩 364000
    5 福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所，福州 350013
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-28 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-09-16
  • 通讯作者:
    杨宗锋，男，1994年出生，福建福州人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事烟草栽培营养与生理生态。通信地址：350003 福建省福州市晋安区华林路378号 福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所，Tel：0591-87069258，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李世龙，男，2000年出生，江苏无锡人，硕士研究生，从事烤烟、雪茄烟叶生产管理。通信地址：350002 福建省福州市仓山区上下店路15号 福建农林大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    福建省烟草专卖局项目“福建雪茄烟叶品质形成物质基础及关键技术研究与应用”(2021350000240082); 福建省烟草专卖局项目“福建高山雪茄烟叶品质成因及关键技术研究”(2024350000240042); 中国烟草总公司重大科技项目“国产茄衣植烟土壤适应性研究及健康栽培技术开发”(110202201039 XJ-10)

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Quality of Fujian Cigar Tobacco

LI Shilong1(), SHEN Lihua2, LIN Boya3, JIA Kai1, LIAN Lingli2, BAI Lingli1, SHI Juanjuan1, ZENG Wenlong4, YANG Zongfeng5(), LI Wenqing5, ZHENG Chaoyuan1   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
    2 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
    3 Longyan Tobacco Company Wuping Branch, Wuping, Fujian 364399
    4 Fujian Tobacco Company Longyan Company, Longyan, Fujian 364000
    5 Tobacco Science Institute, Fujian Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Fuzhou 350013
  • Received:2025-02-28 Revised:2025-08-20 Published:2025-09-05 Online:2025-09-16

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摘要： 为探究施氮量对福建产区雪茄烟产量和品质的影响，以茄芯品种‘海研204’为材料，开展田间试验，设置0 kg/hm2(N0)、120 kg/hm2(N8)、180 kg/hm2(N12)、210 kg/hm2(N14)、240 kg/hm2(N16)5个处理，测定雪茄经济性状、评吸质量、农艺性状、化学组分、生理代谢、抗氧化酶等指标。结果表明，N14处理下雪茄的经济性状表现最佳，评吸质量较优，农艺性状最好。与N0相比，N14处理下雪茄的产值显著提高了273.54%，最大叶面积显著提高了34.06%。随着施氮量的增加，雪茄烟叶的化学组分、生理代谢指标总体表现为先升高后降低再升高的变化趋势。N14处理的总氮含量和氯含量较低，还原糖、总糖含量适中，烟碱含量较高，可溶性蛋白、过氧化物酶等抗逆物质保持较高水平，且氮代谢相关合成酶相对较低，但淀粉酶和酸性转化酶显著提高。综合分析，在N14处理下，烟叶经济性状表现最高，烟株长势、长相最好，化学组分较协调，烟株抗性较好。在福建地区种植‘海研204’的推荐施用纯氮为180~210 kg/hm2。

关键词: 雪茄烟, 产量, 品质, 施氮量, 农艺性状, 化学组分, 抗氧化酶

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate on the yield and quality of cigar tobacco in Fujian producing area. Using the cigar filler variety ‘Haiyan 204’, field experiments were conducted with five nitrogen application treatments: 0 kg/hm2 (N0), 120 kg/hm2 (N8), 180 kg/hm2 (N12), 210 kg/hm2 (N14), and 240 kg/hm2 (N16). Key indices including economic traits, smoking quality, agronomic traits, chemical components, physiological metabolism, and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. The results showed that the N14 treatment yielded the best economic traits, superior smoking quality, and optimal agronomic traits. Compared with N0, the N14 treatment significantly increased the output value by 273.54% and significantly increased the maximum leaf area by 34.06%. With increasing nitrogen application, the chemical components and physiological metabolism indicators of cigar tobacco leaves generally exhibited a trend of increasing first, then decreasing and then increasing again. Under the N14 treatment, the total nitrogen and chlorine contents were relatively low, while reducing sugar and total sugar contents were moderate. The nicotine content was higher. Stress-resistant substances, such as soluble protein and peroxidase (POD), maintained higher levels. Nitrogen metabolism-related synthetase activities were relatively lower, but amylase and acid invertase activities were significantly enhanced. Comprehensive analysis indicated that under the N14 treatment, tobacco leaves demonstrated the highest economic performance, the best plant growth and appearance, more harmonious chemical composition, and improved plant resistance. For cultivating ‘Haiyan 204’ in the Fujian region, the recommended pure nitrogen application rate is 180-210 kg/hm2.

Key words: cigar tobacco, yield, quality, nitrogen application rate, agronomic trait, chemical composition, antioxidant enzymes