欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (35): 26-36.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0507

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

大花蕙兰杂交育种和多倍体育种研究进展

张海立(), 许震寰(), 白为, 韩菊兰, 唐霄铧, 张景荣, 张军   

  1. 四川省农业特色植物研究院,成都 611730
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-26 修回日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2025-12-11 发布日期:2025-12-11
  • 通讯作者:
    许震寰,男,1980年出生,四川绵阳人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事花卉新品种选育及配套高效技术研究。通信地址:611730 四川省成都市郫都区郫花路 四川省农业特色植物研究院,Tel:028-87963878,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张海立,男,1996年出生,内蒙古通辽人,研究实习员,硕士,主要从事兰花新品种选育研究。通信地址:611730 四川省成都市郫都区郫花路 四川省农业特色植物研究院,Tel:028-87963878,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    四川省省级公益性科研单位基本科研业务费专项资金项目 “大花蕙兰开花生物学特性及种内杂交研究”(25JBKY03); “兰花新品种培育”(24JBKY05); 凉山彝族自治州2023年科技成果转化项目“大花蕙兰新品种‘金桂’应用与转化”(23CGZH0001)

Research Progress on Hybrid and Polyploid Breeding of Cymbidium hybridum

ZHANG Haili(), XU Zhenhuan(), BAI Wei, HAN Julan, TANG Xiaohua, ZHANG Jingrong, ZHANG Jun   

  1. Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Characteristic Plants, Chengdu 611730
  • Received:2025-06-26 Revised:2025-09-15 Published:2025-12-11 Online:2025-12-11

摘要:

大花蕙兰是以兰科兰属资源为亲本经过多代杂交选育出的品种群,是极受欢迎的年宵花卉。目前,国内大花蕙兰品种主要引自国外且多数为老品种,经过多代无性扩繁,特性退化严重,无法满足消费者多元需求,品种亟待更新。为了提升大花蕙兰育种效率,本文系统梳理了大花蕙兰杂交育种和多倍体育种的研究进展,归纳了这两种育种方法的应用情况。具体而言,杂交育种重点总结了花粉活力测定、柱头可授性测定、花粉贮藏、亲本选配等核心环节;多倍体育种则侧重总结了倍性基础以及诱导方法、材料与药剂等技术要点。针对杂交育种周期长、黄苞现象严重和多倍体育种效率低下等问题,提出优化栽培技术,力求缩短童期;利用分子标记技术辅助选配亲本,结合试管开花技术提前评估杂交后代特性,缩短育种周期;加强对黄苞发生机理的研究及利用不同授粉方式克服杂交障碍;加强对不同诱导药剂的探索及对 2n 配子的研究和利用,以提升多倍体诱导效率等建议。

关键词: 大花蕙兰, 杂交育种, 多倍体育种, 亲本选配, 倍性

Abstract:

Cymbidium hybridum is a cultivar group derived from multi-generational hybrid breeding using germplasm resources of the Cymbidium genus (Orchidaceae), and it is extremely popular for the Lunar New Year season. At present, most domestic Cymbidium hybridum cultivars in China are mainly introduced from abroad, and the majority of them are old varieties. After multi-generational asexual propagation, these cultivars have suffered from severe characteristic degradation, which fails to meet the demands of consumers, making the renewal of cultivars an urgent need. To improve the breeding efficiency of Cymbidium hybridum, this paper systematically reviews the research progress in its hybrid breeding and polyploid breeding, and summarizes the application status of these two breeding methods. Specifically, for hybrid breeding, the core links—including pollen vitality determination, stigma receptivity determination, pollen storage, and parental selection—are emphasized; for polyploid breeding, the focus is placed on the ploidy basis and key technical points such as induction methods, induction materials, and inducing agents. Aiming at addressing the problems existing in current breeding practices—including long cycle and serious capsule abortion phenomenon in hybrid breeding, as well as low efficiency in polyploid breeding—this study proposes the following optimization suggestions: optimizing cultivation techniques to shorten the childhood period; applying molecular marker technology to assist parental selection, combining in vitro flowering technology to pre-evaluate the traits of hybrid progeny, thereby shortening the breeding cycle; strengthening research on the mechanism of capsule abortion occurrence and adopting different pollination methods to overcome hybrid breeding barriers; and enhancing exploration of various inducing agents, along with research and utilization of 2n gametes, to improve the efficiency of polyploid induction.

Key words: Cymbidium hybridum, hybrid breeding, polyploid breeding, parent selection, ploidy