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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (36): 35-42.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0657

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

大豆种子航天诱变一代(SP1)性状研究

方毅(), 朱宝庆, 王童欣, 李福雪, 冯建行, 杨思怡, 于旭东()   

  1. 海南大学热带农林学院, 海南儋州 571737
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-06 修回日期:2025-10-11 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者:
    于旭东,男,1973年出生,副教授,博士,研究方向:马槟榔根际促生细菌YMG21的固氮、定殖及其促生作用。通信地址:571737 海南儋州宝岛新村海南大学儋州校区、海南省海南大学热带农林学院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    方毅,男,2000年出生,硕士,研究方向:航天诱变育种。通信地址:571737 海南儋州宝岛新村海南大学儋州校区、海南省海南大学热带农林学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    讷河市提升大豆科技支撑能力项目(HD-KYH-2023338)

Study on Traits of First Generation (SP1) Soybean Seed Induced by Space Mutagenesis

FANG Yi(), ZHU Baoqing, WANG Tongxin, Li Fuxue, FENG Jianhang, YANG Siyi, YU Xudong()   

  1. School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737
  • Received:2025-08-06 Revised:2025-10-11 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-25

摘要:

本研究旨在探究航天诱变对不同大豆品种生理指标及抗氧化酶活性的影响,为大豆种质创新与品种选育提供理论依据,同时推动航天诱变育种技术在豆科作物遗传改良中的深入应用。实验以“实践十九号”卫星搭载的4种优良大豆种子为研究对象,经航天诱变处理后返回地面进行SP1代地面种植,未经搭载的大豆种子为CK,对其生长性状、光合指标、抗氧化酶及可溶性蛋白含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明:‘德顺34’、‘东创19’发芽率较CK分别提高13.2%、17.6%,‘东创19’发芽势较CK提高9.4%;‘德顺14’叶长较CK降低8.9%,‘东农219’叶宽较CK下降28.0%;‘德顺34’株高较CK提高5.19%,‘德顺34’、‘德顺14’、‘东创19’株幅较CK分别降低53.2%、54.7%、56.3%,‘东创19’节间长较CK提高10.8%,‘东农219’分枝数较CK降低28.0%;‘东农219’单株荚数较CK提高7.7%。‘德顺14’净光合速率较对照提高17.3%。‘德顺34’、‘德顺14’POD活性较CK均有所提高;‘德顺14’MDA含量极显著高于CK;‘东创19’可溶性蛋白含量较CK极显著提高。综上所述,航天诱变导致大豆植株性状发生广泛变异,尤以株幅变化最为突出;光合指标有所改善,抗氧化酶活性及可溶性蛋白含量波动较大,其中SOD变化最小,且这些变异在不同品种间表现出差异性。

关键词: 大豆, 航天诱变, 品种, 生长性状, SOD, POD, MDA, 可溶性蛋白

Abstract:

This study investigates the effects of space mutagenesis on physiological indicators and antioxidant enzymes of different soybean varieties, providing foundational materials for soybean germplasm improvement and variety selection, and providing a foundation and reference for the deepening of soybean space mutagenesis breeding and the application of this technology in the genetic improvement of leguminous crops. Taking the four superior soybean seeds carried by the "Shijian-19" satellite as the research objects, after being subjected to space mutagenesistion mutation treatment and returned to the ground for SP1 generation ground cultivation, the soybean seeds that were not carried aboard served as the control group (CK). The growth traits, photosynthetic indicators, antioxidant enzymes, and soluble protein contents of these soybeans were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the germination rate of 'Deshun 34' and 'Dongchuang 19' was respectively increased by 13.2% and 17.6% compared with the CK, the germination potential of 'Dongchuang 19' was 9.4% higher than that of the CK; the leaf length of 'Deshun 14' was reduced by 8.9% compared with the CK, and the leaf width of 'Dongnong 219' was 28.0% lower than that of the CK; the plant height of 'Deshun 34' was 5.19% higher than that of the CK, and the plant width of 'Deshun 34', 'Deshun 14' and 'Dongchuang 19' was respectively reduced by 53.2%, 54.7% and 56.3%, the internode length of 'Dongchuang 19' was increased by 10.8% compared with the CK, and the branch number of 'Dongnong 219' was 28.0% lower than that of the CK; the single plant pod number of 'Dongnong 219' was increased by 7.7% compared with the CK. The net photosynthetic rate of 'Deshun 14' was increased by 17.3% compared with the CK. The POD activity of 'Deshun 34' and 'Deshun 14' was both increased compared with the CK; the MDA content of 'Deshun 14' was highly significantly higher than that of the CK; the soluble protein content of 'Dongchuang 19' was highly significantly increased compared with the CK. In conclusion, the traits of the soybean plants after space mutagenesis showed varying degrees of variation. Among them, the effect on the plant width of soybeans was the most significant, and the photosynthetic indicators of soybeans improved to a certain extent; the changes in POD activity, MDA and soluble protein content were relatively large, while the change in SOD was the smallest, and the variation was different among different varieties.

Key words: soybean, space mutagenesis, variety, growth trait, SOD, POD, MDA, soluble protein