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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (36): 90-99.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0274

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物炭替代对栽培基质性质和作物生长发育的影响

吴亚迪(), 代惠蓉, 张燕, 辛梦琦, 刘若馨, 王文波()   

  1. 济南大学生物科学与技术学院, 济南 250024
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 修回日期:2025-09-04 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者:
    王文波,男,1988年出年,山东枣庄人,副教授,博士,研究方向:微生物生态学,土壤学。通信地址:250022 山东省济南市南辛庄西路336号 济南大学生物科学与技术学院,Tel:0531-89736818,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    吴亚迪,女,2003年出年,本科。通信地址:250022 山东省济南市南辛庄西路336号 济南大学生物科学与技术学院,Tel:0531-89736818,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“氮素形态调控落叶松凋落物木质纤维素降解途径的微生物机制研究”(32201546)

Effects of Biochar Substitution on Properties of Cultivation Substrates and Crop Growth and Development

WU Yadi(), DAI Huirong, ZHANG Yan, XIN Mengqi, LIU Ruoxin, WANG Wenbo()   

  1. School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250024
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-09-04 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-25

摘要:

为了解生物炭替代对农业实践的影响从而为无土栽培中生物炭的合理应用提供理论依据,本研究从生物炭对栽培基质的理化性质、土壤生物学特征、作物形态特征、作物光合作用和产量品质特征等方面的影响系统梳理国内外相关研究,综述生物炭施用后栽培基质的理化与生物学性质变化,以及作物生理形态与产量品质的响应,探究生物炭替代对栽培基质性质和作物生长发育特征的影响。研究结果表明,向传统基质中添加适宜比例的生物炭,可显著优化基质理化性质,降低基质容重(典型降幅15%~40%),提高持水能力(增幅20%~60%),并将pH稳定在多数作物适宜的范围(5.5~7.0),其效果显著依赖于生物炭类型(如单独施用椰壳生物炭容重降低达29.6%)。同时,生物炭能显著促进作物生长(如使植株总生物量增加25.4%),提高产量和品质。然而,特定条件下生物炭可能抑制作物生长,且其生产与应用过程存在潜在污染风险(原料携带重金属、热解过程产生多环芳烃与环境持久性自由基等)。因此,建议通过严格筛选原料、优化制备工艺、开发针对性改性技术、加强应用过程管控等措施进行防控,以减少二次污染风险,推动其绿色、低碳、可持续农业中的安全高效应用。生物炭在改良基质和促进作物生长方面潜力显著,未来需规范其生产与应用以防控污染风险,助力绿色低碳农业可持续发展。

关键词: 生物炭, 栽培基质, 生长发育, 作物品种, 可持续发展

Abstract:

In order to understand the impact of biochar substitution on agricultural practices and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of biochar in soilless cultivation, this article systematically reviews relevant research both domestically and internationally, focusing on the effects of biochar on the physicochemical properties of cultivation substrates, soil biological characteristics, crop morphological characteristics, crop photosynthesis, and yield and quality characteristics. It summarizes the changes in the physicochemical and biological properties of cultivation substrates after biochar application, as well as the response of crop physiological morphology and yield and quality. The results showed that adding biochar to traditional substrates can improve the physicochemical properties of the substrate, such as reducing bulk density, increasing water holding capacity, and stabilizing pH, the effects are closely related to the type of biochar. The application of coconut shell biochar alone reduces the bulk density by 29.6% and increases the total plant biomass by 25.4%. However, biochar may inhibit crop growth under certain conditions, and its production and application process have potential pollution risks (such as raw materials carrying heavy metals, and the generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and environmentally persistent free radicals during pyrolysis). Therefore, recommendations were proposed including strict raw material screening, optimization of preparation processes, development of targeted modification technologies, and strengthened application management to prevent and control risks, reduce secondary pollution, and promote its green, low-carbon, and safe application. This review aims to provide references for future preparation, application, and mechanistic analysis of biochar, better facilitating the development of green, low-carbon, and sustainable agriculture. Biochar shows significant potential in improving substrates and promoting crop growth, and it is necessary to standardize its production and application to prevent pollution risks, thereby contributing to green, low-carbon, and sustainable agricultural development.

Key words: biochar, cultivation substrate, growth and development, crop varieties, sustainable development