蚯蚓与生物炭耦合堆肥对污泥有机组分分解过程的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0346

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (27): 71-78.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0346

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇下一篇

蚯蚓与生物炭耦合堆肥对污泥有机组分分解过程的影响

张继舟(), 袁磊, 吕品, 王立民, 李雯琪, 于志民()

黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所，湿地与生态保育国家地方联合工程实验室，哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2025-04-24 修回日期:2025-08-21 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-07
通讯作者:
于志民，男，1974年出生，山东青岛人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事土壤与植物营养的相关研究。通信地址：150040 哈尔滨市香坊区哈平路103号，Tel：0451-86053935，E-mail：yuzhimin111@163.com。
作者简介:
张继舟，男，1980年出生，吉林吉林人，硕士生导师，博士，主要从事农业生态领域的研究。通信地址：150040 哈尔滨市香坊区哈平路103号，Tel：0451-86053935，E-mail：jizhou1980229@126.com。
基金资助:
黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导类项目“蚓炭耦合转化市政污泥中镉的效能和机理”(LH2022C078); 黑龙江省科学院科学基金项目“蚯蚓和生物炭转化农业有机废弃物的效能”(KY2023ZR01)

Effect of Earthworm and Biochar Coupled Composting on Decomposition Process of Organic Components in Sludge

ZHANG Jizhou(), YUAN Lei, LV Pin, WANG Limin, LI Wenqi, YU Zhimin()

Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, National and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory of Wetlands and Ecological Conservation, Harbin 150040

Received:2025-04-24 Revised:2025-08-21 Published:2025-09-25 Online:2025-10-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探究赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)和玉米秸秆生物炭耦合堆肥对城市污泥和玉米秸秆的混合物有机组分分解的影响。通过化学分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)及二维相关光谱(2DCOS)技术，分析了城市污泥堆肥过程中堆肥物料化学性质、有机物组成和降解顺序的变化。结果表明：到堆肥结束时，接种蚯蚓可显著降低污泥的pH，而添加生物炭并未明显的改变污泥的pH；添加蚯蚓和生物炭均可增加污泥中电导率(EC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)含量，且蚯蚓的效果优于生物炭。添加蚯蚓和生物炭改变了堆肥物料的官能团结构，并增加1633/2924相对峰面积比值。FTIR结合2DCOS分析表明，蚯蚓与生物炭的耦合应用显著改变有机物降解过程，从优先分解脂肪族化合物转变为优先分解芳香族化合物，加速了复杂有机物的降解效率。研究表明，蚯蚓和生物炭耦合处理污泥能有效促进堆肥腐熟，提高堆肥产品的肥效，是实现市政污泥高效分解和腐熟的有效手段，最终可形成富含氮、磷、钾等矿质养分的优质有机肥料。

关键词: 赤子爱胜蚓, 污泥, 生物炭, 傅里叶变换红外光谱, 二维相关光谱

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Eisenia foetida and corn stover biochar coupled composting on the decomposition of organic components in the mixture of sewage sludge and corn stover. Chemical testing combined with FTIR and 2DCOS technologies were applied to analyze the changes of chemical properties, organic matter composition and degradation sequence in material during composting. The results showed that by the end of composting, inoculation of earthworms could significantly reduce the pH of sludge, while adding biochar did not significantly change the pH of sludge; adding earthworms and biochar could increase the electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK) content in sludge, with earthworms having a greater effect than biochar. Adding earthworms and biochar could alter the structure of functional groups in sludge and increase the relative peak area ratio of 1633/2924. FTIR combined with 2DCOS analysis showed that the separate application of earthworms and biochar could slightly alter the degradation process of organic matter, while the coupling application of earthworms and biochar could completely change the degradation process of organic matter, shifting from preferentially decomposing aliphatic compounds to preferentially decomposing aromatic compounds. This research showed that the coupling treatment of sewage sludge with earthworms and biochar could promote the maturation of compost and improve the fertilizer efficiency of compost products. The coupling composting technology of earthworms and biochar was an effective means to ensure efficient decomposition and maturation of sewage sludge, ultimately forming high-quality organic fertilizers.

Key words: Eisenia foetida, sludge, biochar, FTIR, 2DCOS

张继舟, 袁磊, 吕品, 王立民, 李雯琪, 于志民. 蚯蚓与生物炭耦合堆肥对污泥有机组分分解过程的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(27): 71-78.

ZHANG Jizhou, YUAN Lei, LV Pin, WANG Limin, LI Wenqi, YU Zhimin. Effect of Earthworm and Biochar Coupled Composting on Decomposition Process of Organic Components in Sludge[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(27): 71-78.

图/表 6

参数	污泥	秸秆	生物炭	混合物料
pH	7.59	6.31	9.01	7.34
EC/(μS/cm)	574.52	896.35	675.21	598.70
TOC/(g/kg)	290.28	480.39	560.21	338.60
TN/(g/kg)	17.80	4.81	8.32	14.91
C/N	16.42	100.57	67.33	22.83

表1. 试验原料的主要理化性质

图1. 堆肥过程中物料pH和EC的变化

图2. 物料中TN(a)、TP(b)、TK(c)随堆肥的变化

图3. 不同处理中物料FTIR随堆肥的变化 (a) CK处理，(b) B处理，(c) E处理，(d) BE处理

图4. 堆肥过程中芳香族官能团相对峰面积与脂肪族官能团相对峰面积的比值

图5. 不同处理堆肥过程中二维傅里叶变换红外相关光谱的变化 A~b表示CK处理，c~d表示B处理，e~f表示E处理，g~h表示BE处理。a、c、e、g是同步图，而b、d、f、h是异步图

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蚯蚓与生物炭耦合堆肥对污泥有机组分分解过程的影响

Effect of Earthworm and Biochar Coupled Composting on Decomposition Process of Organic Components in Sludge

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