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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (36): 110-116.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0382

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

施用生物炭并减少灌水量对麦田土壤团聚结构及冬小麦产量的影响

李廷宇(), 申毅, 童俊飞, 路顺凤, 李琴, 郭颂, 杨卫君()   

  1. 新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-06 修回日期:2024-09-24 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2024-12-23
  • 通讯作者:
    杨卫君,女,1984年出生,甘肃天水人,副教授,博士生导师,博士研究生,主要从事农田土壤及生态研究。通信地址:830052 新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区 新疆农业大学农学院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李廷宇,男,2003年出生,新疆博乐人,本科在读。研究方向:作物栽培。通信地址:830052新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区 新疆农业大学农学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32260326); 自治区大学生创新项目(S202310758044); 新疆小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01)

Effects of Biochar Application and Reducing Irrigation Amount on Soil Agglomeration Structure and Yield of Winter Wheat

LI Tingyu(), SHEN Yi, TONG Junfei, LU Shunfeng, LI Qin, GUO Song, YANG Weijun()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052
  • Received:2024-06-06 Revised:2024-09-24 Published:2024-12-25 Online:2024-12-23

摘要:

本研究旨在探究生物炭在不同灌溉条件下对麦田土壤结构及小麦产量的影响,试验采用大田试验与室内实验相结合的方式,设置2个生物炭施用量0 t/hm2 (B0)和20 t/hm2 (B1)与2个灌水量4500 m3/hm2 (W0)和4050 m3/hm2 (W1)水平,开展土壤团聚体分布、稳定性变化及小麦产量的研究。结果表明:施用生物炭并减少灌水量会影响土壤团聚体分布与土壤团聚体稳定性。在0~20 cm土层,生物炭施用提高了>2 mm土壤团聚体含量与土壤团聚体GMD和MWD,但减少灌水量会降低>2 mm土壤团聚体含量并降低土壤机械团聚体的稳定性;在20~40 cm土层,各处理间趋势与0~20 cm土层基本一致;但减少灌水量的同时施用生物炭可以在一定范围内维持土壤机械团聚体的稳定性并提高冬小麦产量,以B1W1处理的冬小麦产量最高,较B0W0处理显著提高9.73%。综上,在本试验条件下适量减少灌水量(4050 m3/hm2)并施用生物炭20 t/hm2可显著提升灌区麦田土壤团聚体的分布和稳定性,有利于农田土壤结构改善,促进小麦产量提升。

关键词: 生物炭, 灌水量, 土壤稳定性, 冬小麦产量, 土壤团聚体, 灌溉条件, 土壤结构

Abstract:

To explore the influence of biochar on soil structure and wheat yield under different irrigation conditions, the experiment was conducted in combination of field experiment and indoor experiment. Two levels of biochar application, 0 t/hm2 (B0) and 20 t/hm2 (B1), and two levels of irrigation amount, 4500 m3/hm2 (W0) and 4050 m3/hm2 (W1) were set to investigate the distribution of soil aggregates, stability changes and wheat yield. The results showed that the application of biochar and the reduction of irrigation water would affect soil aggregate distribution and soil aggregate stability. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, biochar application increased the soil aggregate content of > 2 mm GMD and MMD, but reduced irrigation would decrease the soil aggregate content of > 2 mm and reduce the stability of soil mechanical aggregate. In the soil layer of 20-40 cm, the trend between each treatment was basically consistent with that of the 0-20 cm soil layer. However, the application of biochar in conjunction with reduced irrigation can maintain the stability of soil mechanical aggregates and increase winter wheat yields to a certain extent. The highest winter wheat yield was recorded in B1W1 treatment, which was 9.73 % higher than that of B0W0 treatment. In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, the appropriate reduction of irrigation volume (4050 m3/hm2) and the application of biochar (20 t/hm2) could significantly improve the distribution and stability of soil aggregates in wheat fields in the irrigated area, which was conducive to the improvement of soil structure and the increase of wheat yield.

Key words: biochar, irrigation water quantity, soil stability, winter wheat yield, soil aggregate, irrigation conditions, soil structure