不同有机物料对洱海流域农田土壤温室气体排放的短期影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0330

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (33): 68-77.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0330

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇下一篇

不同有机物料对洱海流域农田土壤温室气体排放的短期影响

郭树芳¹(), 翟丽梅², 刘宏斌², 雷宝坤¹()

¹ 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
² 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室，北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-05-13 修回日期:2024-08-21 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-11-23
通讯作者:
雷宝坤，男，1976年出生，云南曲靖人，研究员，博士，主要从事农业面源污染和农业资源环境研究。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路延长线2238号，E-mail：bklei@163.com。
作者简介:
郭树芳，女，1986年出生，河南林州人，副研究员，博士，研究方向：农业资源与环境。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路延长线2238号，E-main：guosf12b@163.com。
基金资助:
云南省农业联合专项“有机物料投入对洱海流域菜田土壤氮转化及N2O排放的影响及微生物机制”(202301BD070001-019); 云南省基础研究计划项目“有机肥施用对洱海流域农田碳氮累积与氮流失的影响”(202101AU070102); 国家自然科学基金“洱海流域农田氨排放和沉降对种植模式与气象因素的响应机制”(42067047); 云南省兴滇英才支持计划项目“有机物料投入下洱海流域农田土壤碳氮转化机制与温室气体排放效应”; 云南农业农村绿色发展保障技术体系专项经费(530000210000000016943)

Short Term Effect of Different Organic Materials Addition on Greenhouse Gas Emission of Agricultural Soil in Erhai Lake Basin

GUO Shufang¹(), ZHAI Limei², LIU Hongbin², LEI Baokun¹()

¹ Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
² Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081

Received:2024-05-13 Revised:2024-08-21 Published:2024-11-25 Online:2024-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探明不同有机物料施用对洱海流域露地蔬菜和水旱轮作2种典型种植模式农田土壤温室气体排放的影响。采用室内培养试验，设置了不添加有机物料(CK)、秸秆、生物炭和牛粪添加4个处理，在恒温恒湿下培养15 d。结果表明：（1）与CK相比，有机物料对菜地土壤N₂O排放均有抑制作用，对水旱轮作土壤则为促进作用，其中秸秆的促进作用最高。与秸秆处理相比，生物炭和牛粪处理水旱轮作土壤N₂O排放分别降低了64.9%和68.3% (P<0.05)。3种有机物料均降低了菜地土壤N₂O排放比率，但仅秸秆添加显著增加了水旱轮作土壤N₂O排放比率(P<0.05)。（2）与CK相比，生物炭和牛粪处理对菜地和水旱轮作土壤CO₂排放均表现出轻微的抑制作用，生物炭和牛粪处理CO₂排放量比秸秆处理分别降低了84.9%~85.1%和41.7%~43.1% (P<0.05)。（3）有机物料添加增加了菜地土壤CH₄排放量，而仅秸秆添加提高了水旱轮作土壤CH₄排放量(P<0.05)。（4）与CK相比，有机物料添加后菜地土壤硝化速率显著升高(P<0.05)，土壤矿化速率也均升高，但仅秸秆和牛粪处理效果显著(P<0.05)；而水旱轮作土壤硝化速率和矿化速率则均有所降低，其中秸秆和生物炭显著降低(P<0.05)。长期仅施有机肥的水旱轮作农田土壤全球增温潜势比菜地高，其中秸秆添加显著提高了水旱轮作土壤增温潜势，而3种有机物料均显著降低了菜地土壤增温潜势。研究可为洱海流域农田合理添加有机物料以降低温室气体排放和提高土壤供氮能力提供了科学依据。

关键词: 有机物料, 温室气体排放, N₂O, CO₂, CH₄, 秸秆, 生物炭, 牛粪, 土壤矿化, 土壤硝化

Abstract:

Organic material application is an important measure for agricultural soil fertility improvement and has a great effect on soil greenhouse gas emissions. To explore the effect of the addition of different organic materials on soil greenhouse gas emissions from typical open field vegetable and rice-rotated planting patterns in the Erhai Lake basin, the incubation experiment was conducted with four treatments, including no addition (CK), straw, biochar and cow manure addition for 15 days under constant temperature and humidity. The results showed that: (1) compared with CK treatment, the addition of three organic materials all had a reduction trend for vegetable soil N₂O emissions, but an increase for rice-rotated soil, of which the straw addition had a significant increase effect. Compared with straw treatment, soil N₂O emissions from rice-rotated soil under biochar and cow manure treatments declined by 64.9% and 68.3%, respectively (P<0.05). The N₂O emission ratio of open field vegetable soil was reduced by all three organic materials (P<0.05), while only straw significantly increased the soil N₂O emission ratio of rice-rotated soil. (2) The biochar and cow manure treatments had a slight inhibiting effect on soil CO₂ emissions for two soils compared with CK treatment. Compared with straw treatment, the biochar and cow manure treatments significantly reduced soil CO₂ emissions from open field vegetable and rice-rotated soil by 84.9%-85.1% and 41.7%-43.1%, respectively (P<0.05). (3) The addition of organic materials increased the soil CH₄emission from open field vegetable soil, while only straw addition increased the soil CH₄ emission from rice-rotated soil (P<0.05). (4) Compared with CK treatment, soil nitrification rate of open field vegetable soil was significantly increased after organic material addition (P<0.05), and soil mineralization rate was also increased, but only straw and cow manure treatment had significant effects (P<0.05). However, the nitrification rate and mineralization rate of rice-rotated soil after organic material addition were both reduced compared with CK treatment, of which straw and biochar significantly decreased the two rates (P<0.05). The soil N₂O and CO₂emissions of rice-rotated system with only organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those of open field vegetable system with organic and inorganic fertilizer application, and the soil N₂O and CO₂ emissions were significantly increased after the addition of straw. The global warming potential (GWP) of rice-rotated soil with long-term application of organic fertilizer was higher than that of open field vegetable soil, and the addition of straw significantly increased GWP of rice-rotated soil, while the addition of organic matter significantly reduced GWP of open field vegetable soil. This study provided a scientific basis for the appropriate addition of organic materials to farmland in the Erhai Lake basin to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve soil nitrogen supply capacity.

Key words: organic material, greenhouse gas emissions, N₂O, CO₂, CH₄, crop straw, biochar, cow manure, soil mineralization, soil nitrification

郭树芳, 翟丽梅, 刘宏斌, 雷宝坤. 不同有机物料对洱海流域农田土壤温室气体排放的短期影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(33): 68-77.

GUO Shufang, ZHAI Limei, LIU Hongbin, LEI Baokun. Short Term Effect of Different Organic Materials Addition on Greenhouse Gas Emission of Agricultural Soil in Erhai Lake Basin[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(33): 68-77.

图/表 7

土壤类型	有机碳/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃^--N/(mg/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	pH	C/N
菜地土	26.9±0.6	3.12±0.06	32.9±0.67	8.29±0.33	2.48±0.06	6.03±0.15	8.62±0.29
水旱轮作土	47.5±0.5	5.36±0.18	1.88±0.14	1.15±0.26	1.45±0.03	7.55±0.12	8.86±0.36

表1. 土壤pH和主要养分含量

图1. 不同有机材料添加后土壤CO2排放通量及其累积排放量变化不同小写字母表示同一种植模式下不同处理间差异达5%为显著水平。下同

图2. 不同有机材料添加后土壤N2O排放通量及其累积排放量变化

图3. 不同有机材料添加后土壤CH4排放通量及其累积排放量变化

图4. 不同有机物料添加后土壤全球增温潜势变化

图5. 有机物料添加后土壤硝化速率和矿化速率变化

处理	水旱轮作土壤		菜地土壤
处理	净硝化量/(mg/kg)	NO₃^--N排放比率/%	净硝化量/(mg/kg)	NO₃^--N排放比率/%
不添加	6.36±0.78a	10.6	4.72±0.31c	10.6
秸秆	3.57±0.15c	78.6	9.71±0.13a	2.51
生物炭	4.84±0.49bc	20.3	6.26±0.60b	3.57
牛粪	5.46±1.07ab	16.2	8.25±1.41a	2.34

表2. 不同有机物料添加后培养15 d土壤净硝化量和N2O排放比率

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不同有机物料对洱海流域农田土壤温室气体排放的短期影响

Short Term Effect of Different Organic Materials Addition on Greenhouse Gas Emission of Agricultural Soil in Erhai Lake Basin

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