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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (23): 90-100.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0185

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

农林生物炭对土壤重金属铬毒性的影响

左相如1,2(), 吴雪1, 卢康乐1, 夏敏仪1, 张家安1, 张紫房1, 熊巧1,3()   

  1. 1 湖北师范大学城市与环境学院，湖北黄石 435000
    2 中南民族大学资源与环境学院，武汉 430000
    3 黄石市土壤污染防治重点实验室，湖北黄石 435002
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-04 修回日期:2025-07-22 出版日期:2025-08-19 发布日期:2025-08-19
  • 通讯作者:
    熊巧，女，1988年出生，湖北荆州人，副教授，博士研究生，研究方向：固废资源化。通信地址：435002 湖北省黄石市磁湖路11号 湖北师范大学城市与环境学院，Tel：0714-6572179，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    左相如，女，2002年出生，山西长治人，硕士研究生，研究方向：固废资源化。通信地址：430074 湖北省武汉市洪山区民族大道182号 中南民族大学资源与环境学院，Tel：027-87532233，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖北省自然科学基金“基于水热碳化处理的畜禽粪便消化液中磷的迁移转化及蓝铁矿结晶机制研究”(2025AFB724)

Effects of Agricultural and Forestry Biochar on Soil Heavy Metal Cr Toxicity

ZUO Xiangru1,2(), WU Xue1, LU Kangle1, XIA Minyi1, ZHANG Jiaan1, ZHANG Zifang1, XIONG Qiao1,3()   

  1. 1 College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435000
    2 College of Resources and Environment, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430000
    3 Huangshi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution, Huangshi, Hubei 435002
  • Received:2025-03-04 Revised:2025-07-22 Published:2025-08-19 Online:2025-08-19

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摘要：

本研究旨在评估农林生物炭对重金属铬污染土壤的毒性及其对农作物的影响。采用人工污染的手段进行为期40 d的钝化处理获得铬污染土壤，添加不同种类、制备条件和比例的农林生物炭进行香菜盆栽试验，分析0、7、14、21 d的土样和植物样品。结果表明：采用水稻秸秆作为原料、在200℃条件下热解4 h后制备的水稻秸秆生物炭能有效降低铬毒性，且添加量为8%时效果最佳。7 d后，土壤中重金属铬的弱酸可提取态降低了99.8%，Cr(VI)浸出量由最初的175.08 μg/g降至低于方法检出限；农林生物炭显著抑制铬在香菜茎叶、根中的积累，降低其迁移性和毒性。风险评价指数Risk Assessment Code (RAC)分析表明，添加4%和8%水稻秸秆生物炭7 d后，土壤铬污染风险等级降至低风险。研究证实，农林生物炭能有效修复铬污染土壤，通过将土壤中铬转化为残渣态并降低其价态来减少土壤毒性，同时实现农林生物质的资源化利用。

关键词: 生物炭, 铬, 土壤修复, 形态迁移, 盆栽试验

Abstract:

This study investigated the efficacy of agricultural and forestry biochar in mitigating chromium (Cr) toxicity in artificially contaminated soil through a 40-day passivation treatment. Biochars derived from different biomass sources and pyrolysis temperatures were applied to the contaminated soil at varying ratios for pot experiments with coriander. Soil and plant samples were collected and analyzed at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after cultivation to assess Cr immobilization and bioavailability. The results demonstrated that rice straw biochar pyrolyzed at 200°C for 4 h exhibited the highest efficiency in reducing Cr toxicity, and the effect was the best at an 8% application rate. The acid-extractable Cr content in the soil decreased by 99.8% after 7 days, while the leaching concentration of Cr (VI) dropped from an initial 175.08 μg/g to undetectable levels. Furthermore, Cr was effectively stabilized in the soil, significantly inhibiting its accumulation in the roots, stems and leaves of coriander. These findings indicated a substantial reduction in both Cr toxicity and mobility. Risk Assessment Code (RAC) analysis confirmed that the environmental risks associated with Cr contamination were markedly reduced after 7 days of treatment with 4% and 8% rice straw biochar. The study highlighted that agricultural and forestry biochar could facilitate soil remediation by converting Cr into residual and less bioavailable forms, thereby reducing soil toxicity. Additionally, this approach supports the sustainable reutilization of agricultural and forestry biomass.

Key words: biochar, chromium, soil remediation, morphological migration, pot experiment