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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (32): 95-101.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0298

所属专题: 玉米

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期调整对呼和浩特市玉米产量及气象条件适应性的影响

贾媛媛1(), 王盈2(), 夏军波1, 田鑫1, 李海波1, 宫子辉3, 李璐1   

  1. 1 呼和浩特市赛罕区气象局,呼和浩特010020
    2 呼和浩特市气象局,呼和浩特010020
    3 内蒙古通辽市奈曼旗气象局,内蒙古奈曼旗028300
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-15 修回日期:2025-10-22 出版日期:2025-11-18 发布日期:2025-11-18
  • 通讯作者:
    王盈,女,1990年出生,内蒙古呼和浩特人,中级工程师,硕士研究生,主要从事农业气象、卫星遥感工作。通信地址:010020 内蒙古呼和浩特市赛罕区世纪西街金桥二路 呼和浩特市气象局,Tel:0471-4348050,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    贾媛媛,女,1993年出生,河北深泽人,助理工程师,硕士研究生,研究方向:生态与农业气象,应用气象。通信地址:010020 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市赛罕区金桥开发区世纪西街金桥二路 呼和浩特市气象局,Tel:0471-4348042,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“内蒙古黄河流域农业干旱监测预警和应对技术研究与应用示范”(2023YFSH0012); 呼和浩特市气象局科技创新发展项目“基于不同播期的呼和浩特市大田蔬菜气象试验及对产量影响”(hsqxkjzx202401); 内蒙古自治区气象局科技创新项目“乌兰察布市冰雹天气发生特征及识别指标研究”(nmqxkjcx202425); 内蒙古自治区气象局科技创新项目“基于花粉浓度格点化预报等级检验评估技术研究与业务化应用”(nmqxjccx202501); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“基于无人机和卫星遥感的人工种植苜蓿生育期识别提取研究”(2025QN04013)

Effects of Sowing Date Adjustment on Maize Yield and Meteorological Adaptability in Hohhot City

JIA Yuanyuan1(), WANG Ying2(), XIA Junbo1, TIAN Xin1, LI Haibo1, GONG Zihui3, LI Lu1   

  1. 1 Saihan District Meteorological Bureau of Hohhot City, Hohhot 010020
    2 Hohhot Meteorological Bureau, Hohhot 010020
    3 Naiman District Meteorological Bureau of Tongliao City, Naiman District, Inner Mongolia 028300
  • Received:2025-04-15 Revised:2025-10-22 Published:2025-11-18 Online:2025-11-18

摘要:

本研究旨在探究播期调整对呼和浩特市玉米产量及气象条件适应性的影响,于2024年以‘禾田糯1号’玉米为材料,设置3个播期处理(4月21日、5月9日、5月22日),通过田间试验结合气象观测,分析生育进程、产量构成与气象因子的耦合关系。试验采用随机区组设计,记录各播期处理下生育阶段数据和产量构成。结果表明,播期推迟会缩短全生育期,且≥10℃积温和日照时数与生育期呈正相关;5月9日播种处理产量最高,其穗粒数和百粒重表现最优。进一步分析发现,抽雄—乳熟期的积温和日照时数对产量形成起关键促进作用,而乳熟—成熟期的降水过多则会导致穗粒数和产量下降。研究结论指出,呼和浩特市玉米最佳播期为5月9日,此播期能合理配置光温水等气候资源,有效规避高温热害和连阴雨风险,提升穗部发育质量,从而实现高产,为当地玉米种植制度优化及产量与气候适应性提升提供了科学依据。

关键词: 呼和浩特市, 播期, 玉米, 生长发育, 产量, 气象因子

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of adjusting sowing dates on maize yield and meteorological adaptability in Hohhot, and to identify the optimal sowing period for optimizing cultivation practices and enhancing productivity, a field trial was conducted in Saihan District, Hohhot, in 2024 using the waxy maize variety ‘Hetiannuo 1’ with three sowing dates (April 21, May 9, and May 22). Growth stages, yield components, and meteorological factors were analyzed through field experiments and weather observations. A randomized block design was adopted to record data on growth phases and yield parameters for each sowing treatment. Delayed sowing shortened the total growth period, and accumulated temperature (≥10°C) and sunshine duration showed positive correlations with growth duration. The highest yield was observed in the May 9 sowing treatment, which exhibited superior grain number per ear and 100-grain weight compared to other sowing dates. Correlation analysis revealed that accumulated temperature and sunshine during the tasseling-to-milking stage significantly enhanced yield, while excessive rainfall during the milking-to-maturity stage reduced grain number and yield. The optimal sowing date for maize in Hohhot is May 9, and it ensures balanced utilization of light, thermal and water resources, mitigates risks of heat stress and prolonged rain, improves ear development, and maximizes yield. These findings provide scientific basis for the optimization of local maize planting system and the improvement of yield and climate adaptability.

Key words: Hohhot, sowing date, maize, growth and development, yield, meteorological factors