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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 95-102.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0484

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

芡实果皮废弃物好氧堆肥特征及其对小白菜生长的影响

张苗(), 董青君, 谢昶琰, 李青, 李传哲, 孙春梅, 章安康, 陈川()   

  1. 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所，江苏淮安 223001
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-16 修回日期:2024-11-22 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-02-11
  • 通讯作者:
    陈川，男，1968年出生，江苏泗阳人，研究员，本科，主要从事作物栽培和土壤肥料方面的研究。通信地址：223001 江苏淮安清江浦区淮海北路104号 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所，Tel：0517-83662909，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张苗，女，1988年出生，江苏扬州人，助理研究员，硕士，研究方向：废弃物资源化利用研究。通信地址：223001 江苏淮安清江浦区淮海北路104号 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所，Tel：0517-83662909，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    淮安市农业科学研究院科研发展基金“芡实植株残体资源化处理关键技术研究”(HNY202127)

Physicochemical Characteristics of Euryale ferox Pericarp Residues Composting and Its Influence on Growth of Chinese Cabbage

ZHANG Miao(), DONG Qingjun, XIE Changyan, LI Qing, LI Chuanzhe, SUN Chunmei, ZHANG Ankang, CHEN Chuan()   

  1. Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Area in Jiangsu, Huaian, Jiangsu 223001
  • Received:2024-07-16 Revised:2024-11-22 Published:2025-02-15 Online:2025-02-11

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摘要：

为解决农业固体废弃物芡实果皮的资源化利用问题，以芡实果皮废弃物为供试材料，通过将菜粕、菇渣与芡实果皮废弃物、电厂草木灰、秸秆混合进行固体发酵，开展堆肥试验，比较不同发酵辅料对芡实果皮废弃物的发酵效果的影响，探索芡实果皮废弃物好氧堆肥过程中理化性质的变化特征以及堆肥产物对小白菜生长的影响。结果表明：添加菜粕具有更好的堆肥效果，该处理堆体发酵温度最高能够达到65℃，堆肥过程中EC值增幅最大，全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷养分含量均有明显升高，且高于添加菇渣的堆肥处理和未添加选择性辅料的处理。盆栽试验结果显示：施用添加菜粕堆肥产物的处理(F1)的小白菜株高最高，且该处理小白菜生物量优势明显，地上部鲜重分别比施用添加菇渣堆肥产物(F2)、施用未添加选择性辅料堆肥产物(F3)、施用商品牛粪有机肥(F4)和未施肥(CK)的处理高出28.75%、5.93%、18.53%和121.86%，地上部干重分别比F2、F3、F4和CK高出36.13%、14.65%、11.94%和87.74%；F1处理的地下部干鲜重均为最高值，均与F2、F3和CK存在显著差异，但与F4无显著差异。研究发现，在以秸秆和草木灰为芡实果皮废弃共性堆肥添加物料的情况下，添加菜粕的堆肥处理能够获得更好的堆肥发酵效果，且堆肥后的堆肥产品能够达到持平甚至优于商品牛粪有机肥的肥料使用效果。研究旨在为芡实果皮废弃物的无害化处理以及应用提供一定的理论和技术支撑。

关键词: 芡实果皮废弃物, 菜粕, 菇渣, 好氧堆肥, 小白菜

Abstract:

To solve the problem of Euryale ferox pericarp residues and achieve resource recycling of agricultural solid waste, this study used Euryale ferox pericarp residues as the main raw material, plant ash and straw were common additives, while rapeseed meal and mushroom residue were selective additives. The changes of different physicochemical parameters under the selective additives of rapeseed meal and mushroom residue were explored, and the effects of different compost products on the growth of Chinese cabbage were evaluated in a pot experiment. Aerobic composting experiments showed that the addition of rapeseed meal resulted in a better composting effect, and the maximum fermentation temperature of the pile could reach 65℃, and the EC increased significantly. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus nutrient content increased significantly and were higher than those of other composting treatments. The pot experiment showed that the application of rapeseed meal compost (F1) resulted in the highest plant height for Chinese cabbage. The biomass of the F1 treatment showed a significant advantage, the above-ground fresh weight of F1 was 28.75%, 5.93%, 18.53% and 121.86% higher than F2 (apply the compost that with added mushroom residue), F3 (apply the compost that without added selective additives), F4 (apply the commercial cow manure organic fertilizer), and CK (unfertilized control), respectively. The above-ground dry weight of F1 was 36.13%, 14.65%, 11.94% and 87.74% higher than F2, F3, F4 and CK, respectively. The underground dry and fresh weights of F1 were the highest, and there were significant differences with F2, F3, and CK, but there was no significant difference with F4 treatment. In summary, adding rapeseed meal to compost Euryale ferox pericarp residues could result in a good composting process, and the compost product applied to Chinese cabbage can achieve the same or even better effect than commercial cow manure organic fertilizer. This research provides valuable theoretical and technical support for the cyclic utilization of Euryale ferox pericarp residues.

Key words: Euryale ferox pericarp residues, rapeseed meal, mushroom residue, aerobic compost, Chinese cabbage