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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 61-66.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0561

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

一次性施用氮肥对芍药生长及光合特性的影响

王鑫1(), 张欣欣1, 米明1, 李硕1, 李好健1, 马海林2, 司东霞1()   

  1. 1 聊城大学农业与生物学院，山东聊城 252059
    2 山东省林业科学研究院资源与环境研究所，济南 250014
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-05 修回日期:2024-12-17 出版日期:2025-03-05 发布日期:2025-03-03
  • 通讯作者:
    司东霞，女，1969年出生，山东聊城人，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，现主要从事植物营养与养分资源管理研究工作。通信地址：252000 山东聊城东昌府区柳园街道 聊城大学农业与生物学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王鑫，女，1999年出生，山东新泰人，硕士研究生，研究方向为园林生态。通信地址：252000 山东聊城东昌府区柳园街道 聊城大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    山东省农业良种工程项目“牡丹、芍药突破性新品种选育”(2020LZGC011); 聊城大学风景园林学科建设基金(319462212)

Effects of One-time Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Paeonia lactiflora

WANG Xin1(), ZHANG Xinxin1, MI Ming1, LI Shuo1, LI Haojian1, MA Hailin2, SI Dongxia1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059
    2 Institute of Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Forest, Jinan 250014
  • Received:2024-09-05 Revised:2024-12-17 Published:2025-03-05 Online:2025-03-03

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摘要：

通过盆栽培养试验，以3年生芍药品种‘黑海波涛’为供试植物，设置3个氮肥水平（0、1.8、3 g/株），研究芍药植株生长和光合特性对茎叶生长期一次性施用氮肥的响应，为芍药养分管理提供理论基础。结果表明，与不施氮处理相比，施氮1.8 g/株可显著增加花径、植株根长和根系体积，提高地下部干物质累积量和分配比例，增大根冠比，对地上部株高、茎粗和干物质累积量的影响未达显著水平；一次性施氮3 g/株植株地上部和地下部生长均受到抑制；施氮处理的植株净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著提高，胞间CO2浓度降低；氮肥施用对地上部和地下部氮浓度影响不显著，施氮1.8 g/株可显著增加地上部和地下部氮素吸收量及氮素在地下部的分配比例。综上，芍药茎叶生长期一次性施用适量氮肥有利于增大花径、提高芍药的观赏价值、促进根系生长发育，过量施氮抑制植株生长。

关键词: 芍药, 氮肥, 根系, 生长特性, 光合特性, 干物质, 养分吸收, 养分管理, 根冠比

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of one-time application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the growth of Paeonia lactiflora, and provide a theoretical basis for its nutrient management, three N levels (0, 1.8, 3 g/plant) were set up to study the response of growth and photosynthetic characteristics of P. lactiflora ‘Heihaibotao’ to the one-time application of N fertilizer in stem-leaf growth period by a pot culture experiment. The results showed that compared with the 0 N application treatment, 1.8 g/plant N application could significantly increase the flower diameter, root length, and root volume, promote the accumulation and distribution ratio of dry matter in the above-ground part, and increase the root-shoot ratio, while the effects of N application on plant height, stem diameter and dry matter accumulation in the above-ground part did not reach a significant level. The growth of above- and under-ground parts was inhibited by one-time N application of 3 g/plant. N application significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of plants, and decreased the intercellular CO2 concentration. N application had no significant effect on N concentration in above- and under-ground parts and 1.8 g/plant N application significantly increased N uptake in above- and under-ground parts and N distribution ratio in under-ground parts. In conclusion, the one-time application of appropriate N fertilizer during the stem-leaf growth period of P. lactiflora is beneficial to increasing flower diameter, improving the ornamental value, and promoting root growth and development. However, excessive N application inhibits the growth of plants.

Key words: Paeonia lactiflora, nitrogen fertilizer, root, growth characteristic, photosynthetic characteristic, dry matter, nutrient absorption, nutrient management, root-shoot ratio