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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 25-30.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0650

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

控释氮肥与尿素配施对川东套作春玉米氮素吸收与利用的影响

张宇羽1(), 王香宁2, 曾雪娇2,3, 官洁2, 张毅2, 李冰2, 蔡艳2()   

  1. 1 四川省绵竹市农业农村局，四川德阳 618200
    2 四川农业大学资源学院，成都 611130
    3 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司，云南玉溪 653100
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-15 修回日期:2025-01-22 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-14
  • 通讯作者:
    蔡艳，女，1976年出生，四川达州人，副教授，博士，主要从事土壤与植物营养方面的研究。通信地址：611100 四川省成都市温江区惠民路211号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张宇羽，女，1990年出生，四川德阳人，农艺师，硕士，研究方向：土壤养分和植物营养。通信地址：618200 四川省德阳市绵竹市紫岩街道玉妃路677号，Tel：0838-6909821，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研究开发计划“四川盆地东北部套作春玉米化肥减施增效技术集成与应用”(2018YFD0200704-03)

Effect of Combining Controlled-release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Spring Maize in Eastern Sichuan

ZHANG Yuyu1(), WANG Xiangning2, ZENG Xuejiao2,3, GUAN Jie2, ZHANG Yi2, LI Bing2, CAI Yan2()   

  1. 1 Mianzhu Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Sichuan Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618200
    2 College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
    3 Yuxi Tobacco Company, Yunnan Tobacco Company, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100
  • Received:2024-10-15 Revised:2025-01-22 Published:2025-03-15 Online:2025-03-14

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摘要： 探讨控释氮肥与尿素配施对春玉米氮素吸收与利用的影响，为川东春玉米高产及高效施肥提供科学支撑和技术参考。通过田间试验，研究不施氮(CK)、常规施氮(ON)及在常规氮肥用量减少25%基础上控释氮肥分别占比0% (NR0)、25% (NR25)、50% (NR50)、75% (NR75)和100% (NR100) 7个氮肥管理措施下川东套作春玉米产量、氮素吸收与利用的变化规律。结果表明：控释氮肥配施有利于玉米干物质和氮素累积；在抽雄吐丝期，随控释氮肥占比增大，干物质累积速率和氮素累积速率呈先增后减趋势；灌浆期后，控释氮肥超过50%更有利于玉米干物质累积和氮素累积，以NR50最高。配施控释氮肥有利于玉米营养体氮素向籽粒再分配，但随控释氮肥占比增大，玉米营养体氮素对籽粒的贡献率有所减少。配施控释氮肥有利于提高玉米产量因素构成及产量，以NR50增幅最大。各配施控释氮肥处理氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力高于ON，其中NR50、NR75和NR100氮肥利用率均高于ON。在农民氮肥用量上减少25%，同时采用50%控释氮肥+50%尿素配合施用，是促进川东套作春玉米氮素吸收、累积，提高产量和氮肥利用率的最佳施肥措施。

关键词: 玉米, 控释氮肥, 尿素, 氮素吸收, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of combining controlled-release nitrogen (CRN) fertilizer on nitrogen absorption and utilization in spring maize, and to provide scientific evidence and technical guidance for optimizing fertilization strategies to achieve high yield and efficient nitrogen utilization in spring maize cultivation in eastern Sichuan. A field experiment was conducted to assess the changes in yield, nitrogen absorption, and nitrogen utilization under seven nitrogen management treatments. The treatments included no nitrogen application (CK), conventional nitrogen application (ON) and CRN fertilizer applied at 0% (NR0), 25% (NR25), 50% (NR50), 75% (NR75) and 100% (NR100) of the conventional nitrogen rate, with a 25% reduction in total nitrogen input in eastern Sichuan. The results showed that CRN fertilizer significantly enhanced both dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in maize. At the tasseling and silking stage, with the increase of the proportion of CRN fertilizer, the rates of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation initially promoted, then reduced. After the filling stage, a CRN proportion of ≥50% was most effective for both dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, with NR50 showing the highest values. CRN fertilizer also promoted the redistribution of nitrogen from vegetative organs to grains. However, as the proportion of CRN fertilizer increased, the contribution of nitrogen from vegetative organs to grains decreased. Furthermore, CRN fertilizer improved the yield factor composition and maize yield, with NR50 showing the most significant increase. Agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of CRN fertilizer were higher than those of conventional nitrogen application. NUE of NR50, NR75 and NR100 was greater than that of ON. In conclusion, a 25% reduction in total nitrogen application, combined with 50% CRN fertilizer and 50% urea, was the optimal fertilization strategy for improving nitrogen absorption, enhancing dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, and increasing both yield and nitrogen use efficiency in spring maize in eastern Sichuan.

Key words: maize, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, urea, nitrogen absorption, nitrogen use efficiency